Plant Sciences Department, Biological Sciences Faculty, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Environ Monit Assess. 2019 Feb 9;191(3):148. doi: 10.1007/s10661-019-7240-7.
In the present day, plants are increasingly being utilized to safeguard the environment. In this study, we used Salsola crassa M. B. and Suaeda maritima L. Dumort for phytoremediation of water contaminated with heavy metals and simultaneous examination of the effect of industrial pollution on their root structures. After irrigation of a treatment group with wastewater and a control group with fresh water for 3 months, we fixed the root parts in the FAA fixator for developmental study, and measured the concentrations of Co, Ni, Zn, As, Cu, and Pb in the roots, shoots, soil, and irrigating water. The plants irrigated with wastewater showed significant accumulation of heavy metals in the roots and some translocation of heavy metals from the roots to the shoots. We also performed an experiment with two 0.3 m pools to more closely study the feasibility of these plants for filtering water of contaminants, including mineral compounds, and altering its chemical characteristics. In our anatomical studies, the cells of the treatment roots showed irregularities and abnormal appearances in all tissue layers. The diameter and area of the xylem and the size of the cortical parenchyma have increased in the treatment plants of both species, confirmed by Stereolite software. Phytoremediation studies indicated that S. crassa accumulated As, Cu, Zn, Pb, Co, and Ni, and S. maritima accumulated As, Co, Zn, and Cu. S. crassa accumulated more heavy metals in its roots, whereas S. maritima accumulated more in its shoots. The biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand were also significantly reduced in the wastewater passed through pools with S. crassa. Our results indicate that both genera are hyperaccumulators of heavy metals and therefore hold promise for industrial wastewater treatment, especially the absorption of As.
现如今，植物在环境保护方面的应用越来越广泛。在本研究中，我们使用了盐角草（Salsola crassa M. B.）和滨藜（Suaeda maritima L. Dumort）来进行水的植物修复，以去除受重金属污染的水，并同时研究工业污染对其根部结构的影响。在 3 个月的时间里，用废水灌溉处理组，用淡水灌溉对照组后，我们将根部固定在 FAA 固定剂中进行发育研究，并测量根部、茎部、土壤和灌溉水中 Co、Ni、Zn、As、Cu 和 Pb 的浓度。用废水灌溉的植物在根部显著积累了重金属，并且一些重金属从根部转移到了茎部。我们还进行了两个 0.3 米水池的实验，以更密切地研究这些植物过滤包括矿物化合物在内的污染物水并改变其化学特性的可行性。在我们的解剖学研究中，处理组的根部细胞在所有组织层中都表现出不规则和异常的外观。Stereolite 软件证实，两种植物的处理组的木质部直径和面积以及皮层薄壁组织的大小都有所增加。植物修复研究表明，盐角草积累了 As、Cu、Zn、Pb、Co 和 Ni，滨藜积累了 As、Co、Zn 和 Cu。盐角草在根部积累了更多的重金属，而滨藜在茎部积累了更多的重金属。通过 S. crassa 处理的水池中的废水的生物需氧量和化学需氧量也显著降低。我们的研究结果表明，这两个属都是重金属的超积累植物，因此有望用于工业废水处理，特别是对 As 的吸收。
