Pitzer Martina
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Vitos Klinik Rheinhöhe, Kloster-Eberbach-Str. 4, 65346 Eltville, Germany.
Int J Dev Neurosci. 2019 May;74:49-55. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.02.002. Epub 2019 Feb 6.
Brain maturation extends throughout adolescence well into early adulthood. Knowledge on developmental changes is crucial for age-appropriate pharmacotherapy. This article reviews data on maturational processes with a focus on the noradrenergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems.The literature was searched with a focus on studies in humans. However, since data in humans are limited animal studies were also included. All reviewed neurotransmitter systems show age-related development processes that differentiate child and adolescent brain function from those of adult brains. Unfortunately, the state of knowledge surrounding development-related changes remains sufficiently sparse, There is a high need for more studies on pediatric psychopharmacology and its biological underpinnings. Safety and efficacy of psychopharmacological medicines cannot be readily extrapolated from adults.
大脑成熟贯穿整个青春期直至成年早期。了解发育变化对于适龄药物治疗至关重要。本文回顾了有关成熟过程的数据，重点关注去甲肾上腺素能、多巴胺能和5-羟色胺能神经递质系统。检索文献时重点关注人类研究。然而，由于人类数据有限，也纳入了动物研究。所有综述的神经递质系统均显示出与年龄相关的发育过程，这些过程使儿童和青少年的脑功能与成人大脑的功能有所不同。不幸的是，关于发育相关变化的知识仍然非常匮乏，迫切需要更多关于儿童精神药理学及其生物学基础的研究。精神药物的安全性和有效性不能轻易从成人研究中推断出来。
