Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2019 May 10;235:88-99. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.007. Epub 2019 Feb 6.
Traditionally, Verbena officinalis L. has been used for reproductive and gynaecological purposes. However, the mutagenicity and genotoxicity of V. officinalis have not been extensively investigated.
To assess the in vitro mutagenicity and in vivo genotoxicity of aqueous extract of V. officinalis leaves using a modified Ames test and rat bone marrow micronucleus assay according to OECD guidelines.
In vitro Ames test was carried out using different strains of Salmonella (TA97a, TA98, TA100, and TA1535) and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA (pKM101) in the presence or absence of metabolic activation (S9 mixture). For micronucleus experiment, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 6/group) were received a single oral daily dose of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg of V. officinalis extract for three days. Negative and positive control rats were received distilled water or a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide, respectively. Following dissection, femurs were collected and bone marrow cells were stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa solution for micronucleus assessment.
Ames test results demonstrated that 5, 2.5, 1.25 and 0.625 mg/ml of V. officinalis extract induced a significant mutagenic effect against TA100 and TA98 strains (with and without metabolic activation). Findings of the animal study showed there were no significant increase in the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPE) and no significant alterations in the polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) to normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE) ratio of treated rats as compared with their negative control. Meanwhile, significantly increased in the MNPEs was seen in the cyclophosphamide-treated group only.
Aqueous extract of V. officinalis has mutagenic effect against TA98 and TA100 strains as demonstrated by Ames test, however, there is no in vivo clastogenic and myelotoxic effect on bone marrow micronucleus of rats indicating that the benefits of using V. officinalis in traditional practice should outweigh risks.
传统上，马鞭草被用于生殖和妇科目的。然而，马鞭草的致突变性和遗传毒性尚未得到广泛研究。
根据 OECD 指南，使用改良的 Ames 试验和大鼠骨髓微核试验评估马鞭草叶的水提取物的体外致突变性和体内遗传毒性。
使用不同的沙门氏菌（TA97a、TA98、TA100 和 TA1535）和大肠杆菌 WP2 uvrA（pKM101）在存在或不存在代谢激活（S9 混合物）的情况下进行体外 Ames 试验。对于微核试验，雄性和雌性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠（每组 n=6）每天口服 500、1000 和 2000mg/kg 马鞭草提取物一次，连续 3 天。阴性和阳性对照大鼠分别接受蒸馏水或单次腹腔注射 50mg/kg 环磷酰胺。解剖后，收集股骨并用 May-Grünwald-Giemsa 溶液染色以评估微核。
Ames 试验结果表明，5、2.5、1.25 和 0.625mg/ml 的马鞭草提取物对 TA100 和 TA98 菌株（有或没有代谢激活）表现出显著的致突变作用。动物研究结果表明，与阴性对照组相比，处理组的多染红细胞（PCE）中的微核红细胞（MNPE）没有显著增加，PCE 与正常红细胞（NCE）的比值也没有显著改变。同时，仅在环磷酰胺处理组中观察到 MNPEs 的显著增加。
Ames 试验表明，马鞭草的水提取物对 TA98 和 TA100 菌株具有致突变作用，然而，在大鼠骨髓微核中没有体内断裂和骨髓毒性作用，这表明在传统实践中使用马鞭草的益处大于风险。
