Wilsnack Richard W, Kristjanson Arlinda F, Wilsnack Sharon C, Bloomfield Kim, Grittner Ulrike, Crosby Ross D
University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA.
Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Int J Alcohol Drug Res. 2018;7(2):30-36. doi: 10.7895/ijadr.254.
Multinational studies of drinking and the harms it may cause typically treat countries as homogeneous. Neglecting variation within countries may lead to inaccurate conclusions about drinking behavior, and particularly about harms drinking causes for people other than the drinkers. This study is the first to examine whether drinkers' self-reported harms to others from drinking vary regionally within multiple countries.
Analyses draw on survey data from 12,356 drinkers in 46 regions (governmental subunits) within 10 countries, collected as part of the GENACIS project (Wilsnack et al., 2009).
Drinkers reported on eight harms they may have caused others in the past 12 months because of their drinking. The likelihood of reporting one or more of these eight harms was evaluated by multilevel modeling (respondents nested within regions nested within countries), estimating random effects of country and region and fixed effects of gender, age, and regional prevalence of drinking.
Reports of causing one or more drinking-related harms to others differed significantly by gender and age (but not by regional prevalence of drinking), but also differed significantly by regions within countries.
National and multinational evaluations of adverse effects of drinking on persons other than the drinkers should give more attention to how those effects may vary regionally within countries.
关于饮酒及其可能造成的危害的跨国研究通常将各个国家视为同质化的。忽视国家内部的差异可能会导致对饮酒行为得出不准确的结论，尤其是关于饮酒对饮酒者以外的人所造成的危害。本研究首次探讨了饮酒者自我报告的饮酒对他人造成的危害在多个国家内部是否存在地区差异。
设计、背景与参与者：分析采用了来自10个国家46个地区（政府下属单位）的12356名饮酒者的调查数据，这些数据是作为GENACIS项目（威尔施纳克等人，2009年）的一部分收集的。
饮酒者报告了在过去12个月里他们因饮酒可能对他人造成的8种危害。通过多层次建模（受访者嵌套在地区内，地区嵌套在国家内）评估报告这8种危害中一种或多种危害的可能性，估计国家和地区的随机效应以及性别、年龄和地区饮酒流行率的固定效应。
报告对他人造成一种或多种与饮酒相关危害的情况在性别和年龄上存在显著差异（但在地区饮酒流行率方面不存在差异），而且在国家内部的不同地区也存在显著差异。
对饮酒对饮酒者以外的人产生的不良影响进行国家和跨国评估时，应更多地关注这些影响在国家内部可能存在的地区差异。
