White Aaron, Castle I-Jen P, Chen Chiung M, Shirley Mariela, Roach Deidra, Hingson Ralph
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
CSR, Incorporated , Arlington, Virginia.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2015 Sep;39(9):1712-26. doi: 10.1111/acer.12815.
Females in the United States consume less alcohol and cause and experience fewer alcohol-related harms than males. However, recent research suggests such gaps might be narrowing. The purpose of this study was to explore changes in alcohol use and associated outcomes among females and males in the United States between 2002 and 2012.
Data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health were used to assess the prevalence and trends for females and males aged 12+ in lifetime abstinence, age of onset, current drinking, binge drinking, drinking and driving, reaching DSM-IV criteria for an alcohol use disorder, combining alcohol with other drugs such as marijuana, and other variables. Of particular interest was whether differences between females and males narrowed during the decade under study.
Differences in the drinking patterns of females and males aged 12+ narrowed between 2002 and 2012 for current drinking, number of drinking days per month, past year DSM-IV alcohol abuse, and past-year driving under the influence of alcohol. In addition, convergence was noted in 1 or more age subgroups for the prevalence of binge drinking and DSM-IV alcohol dependence and mean age at drinking onset. Divergence in drinking habits did not occur for any measure in any age subgroups with the exception of a greater increase in the prevalence of combining alcohol with marijuana among young adult male drinkers than female drinkers aged 18 to 25.
Between 2002 and 2012, differences in alcohol consumption and related outcomes narrowed for females and males. Reasons for converging patterns of alcohol use are unclear and do not appear to be easily explainable by recent trends in employment status, pregnancy status, or marital status. More research is needed to identify the psychosocial and environmental contributors to these changes and to assess implications for prevention and treatment efforts.
在美国，女性饮酒量比男性少，因酒精导致和经历的危害也比男性少。然而，最近的研究表明这种差距可能正在缩小。本研究的目的是探讨2002年至2012年期间美国女性和男性饮酒情况及相关结果的变化。
使用来自全国药物使用和健康调查的数据，评估12岁及以上女性和男性在终身戒酒、开始饮酒年龄、当前饮酒、暴饮、酒后驾车、达到酒精使用障碍的DSM-IV标准、将酒精与大麻等其他药物混合使用以及其他变量方面的患病率和趋势。特别感兴趣的是在研究的十年期间，女性和男性之间的差异是否缩小。
2002年至2012年期间，12岁及以上女性和男性在当前饮酒、每月饮酒天数、过去一年的DSM-IV酒精滥用以及过去一年酒后驾车方面的饮酒模式差异缩小。此外，在1个或更多年龄亚组中，暴饮患病率、DSM-IV酒精依赖患病率和开始饮酒的平均年龄出现趋同。除了18至25岁的年轻成年男性饮酒者中酒精与大麻混合使用的患病率比女性饮酒者增加更多外，任何年龄亚组的任何指标均未出现饮酒习惯的差异。
2002年至2012年期间，女性和男性在酒精消费及相关结果方面的差异缩小。饮酒模式趋同的原因尚不清楚，似乎无法通过就业状况、怀孕状况或婚姻状况的近期趋势轻易解释。需要更多研究来确定导致这些变化的心理社会和环境因素，并评估对预防和治疗工作的影响。
