1Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany.
2Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
Commun Biol. 2019 Jan 4;2:6. doi: 10.1038/s42003-018-0247-8. eCollection 2019.
Maternal investment directly shapes early developmental conditions and therefore has long-term fitness consequences for the offspring. In oviparous species prenatal maternal investment is fixed at the time of laying. To ensure the best survival chances for most of their offspring, females must equip their eggs with the resources required to perform well under various circumstances, yet the actual mechanisms remain unknown. Here we describe the blue tit egg albumen and yolk proteomes and evaluate their potential to mediate maternal effects. We show that variation in egg composition (proteins, lipids, carotenoids) primarily depends on laying order and female age. Egg proteomic profiles are mainly driven by laying order, and investment in the egg proteome is functionally biased among eggs. Our results suggest that maternal effects on egg composition result from both passive and active (partly compensatory) mechanisms, and that variation in egg composition creates diverse biochemical environments for embryonic development.
母体投资直接影响早期发育条件，因此对后代的长期适应度有重要影响。在卵生动物中，产前母体投资在产卵时就已经固定。为了确保大多数后代有最好的生存机会，雌性必须为其卵子配备在各种情况下表现良好所需的资源，但具体的机制尚不清楚。在这里，我们描述了蓝山雀卵的蛋清和蛋黄蛋白质组，并评估了它们介导母体效应的潜力。我们发现，卵组成（蛋白质、脂质、类胡萝卜素）的变化主要取决于产卵顺序和母鸟年龄。卵的蛋白质组图谱主要由产卵顺序驱动，而卵蛋白质组的投资在卵间存在功能偏向。我们的研究结果表明，卵组成的母体效应是由被动和主动（部分补偿）机制共同作用的结果，而卵组成的变化为胚胎发育创造了多样化的生化环境。
