Health Management Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.
School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Xenotransplantation. 2019 Jan;26(1):e12490. doi: 10.1111/xen.12490. Epub 2019 Feb 11.
The main obstacle to organ transplantation is the shortage of organs from deceased individuals. Especially in China, the ratio of patients on the waiting list versus the transplant recipients is 30:1. Therefore, there is an urgent need for organ donors. Genetically modified pig organs have proved to be a new source for xenotransplantation, and Chinese scientists have made considerable progress in this area during recent years. In this paper, we review four important aspects of the xenotransplantation field in China. First, a large variety of genetically modified pigs have been generated by Chinese scientists: all these genetically modified pigs and the purpose of these modifications will be summarized. Second, the preclinical research in pig-to-nonhuman primate xenotransplantation is outlined. The survival time and major biochemical parameters for the xenografts are summarized. Third, regarding the bench-to-bed approach, more suitable organs have been developed for xenotransplantation in humans, and in particular, pig islet transplantation into diabetic patients as well as pig-to-human cornea and skin transplantation. Fourth, we briefly address the regulations and prospects for recruiting xenotransplantation experts in China. Based on recent progress, we anticipate that genetically modified pigs will offer suitable organs for the treatment of end-stage organ diseases in humans in the near future. Given the recent influx of world-renowned scientists in xenotransplantation to China, our country will definitely become one of the major centers of xenotransplantation research and development in the world.
器官移植的主要障碍是已故个体的器官短缺。特别是在中国，等待名单上的患者与移植接受者的比例为 30:1。因此，急需器官捐献者。基因修饰猪器官已被证明是异种移植的新来源，近年来，中国科学家在这一领域取得了相当大的进展。本文综述了中国异种移植领域的四个重要方面。首先，中国科学家已经产生了大量的基因修饰猪：总结所有这些基因修饰猪及其修饰目的。其次，简述了猪到非人灵长类动物异种移植的临床前研究。总结异种移植物的存活时间和主要生化参数。第三，关于从实验室到临床的方法，已经开发出更适合人类异种移植的器官，特别是将猪胰岛移植到糖尿病患者体内，以及猪到人角膜和皮肤的移植。第四，我们简要介绍了中国招募异种移植专家的规定和前景。基于最近的进展，我们预计基因修饰猪将在不久的将来为治疗人类终末期器官疾病提供合适的器官。鉴于最近世界知名的异种移植科学家涌入中国，我们国家肯定将成为世界异种移植研究和开发的主要中心之一。
