a Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Göteborg , Göteborg , Sweden.
b Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Gothenburg , Göteborg , Göteborg , Sweden.
Biofouling. 2018 Nov;34(10):1161-1174. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1556259. Epub 2019 Feb 10.
Deterioration of concrete is a large societal cost. In the Oslofjord subsea tunnel (Norway), deterioration of sprayed concrete and corrosion of reinforcing steel fibres occur under biofilm formed at sites with intrusion of saline groundwater. In this study, the microbial community structure, in situ environmental gradients and chemical composition of the biofilms were examined at three tunnel sites. Ammonia- and nitrite-oxidising microorganisms, in particular Nitrosopumilus sp., and iron-oxidising bacteria within Mariprofundus sp., were omnipresent, together with a diversity of presumably heterotrophic bacteria. Alpha- and beta diversity measures showed significant differences in richness and community structure between the sites as well as over time and null-models suggested that deterministic factors were important for the community assembly. The superficial flow of water over the biofilm had a strong effect on oxygen penetration in the biofilm and was identified as one major environmental gradient that varied between the sites, likely being important for shaping the microbial communities.
混凝土的劣化是一个巨大的社会成本。在奥斯陆峡湾海底隧道（挪威）中，在盐水地下水侵入处形成的生物膜下，喷射混凝土的劣化和钢筋纤维的腐蚀发生。在这项研究中，对三个隧道地点的生物膜的微生物群落结构、原位环境梯度和化学成分进行了检查。氨和亚硝酸盐氧化微生物，特别是 Nitrosopumilus sp.，以及 Mariprofundus sp. 中的铁氧化细菌普遍存在，还有多种可能的异养细菌。α多样性和β多样性度量表明，丰富度和群落结构在各地点之间以及随时间推移存在显著差异，零模型表明确定性因素对群落组装很重要。生物膜上的水的表面流对生物膜中的氧气渗透有很强的影响，被确定为各地点之间变化的一个主要环境梯度，可能对塑造微生物群落很重要。
