Efficacy of intravesical targeting of novel quorum sensing inhibitor nanoparticles against biofilm-associated murine pyelonephritis.

biofilm-associated pyelonephritis is a severe infection that can lead to mortality. There are no strategies that can effectively manage this infection since the pathogenesis is controlled by quorum sensing (QS) regulated virulence and recalcitrant biofilms. QS inhibitors (QSIs) are emerging therapeutics against such infections but are associated with cytotoxicity or low bioactivity. Hence, we developed novel quorum sensing inhibitor loaded nanoparticles (QSINPs) using the biopolymers, chitosan (CS) and dextran sulphate (DS) and were intravesically targeted against biofilm-associated murine pyelonephritis. The targeting of QSINPs was confirmed by tracking the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) tagged QSINPs in bladder and kidney of mice. On characterising, the QSINPs showed a size of 685.7 nm with a zeta potential of 37.9 and polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.5. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated spherical shape and bioactivity assays indicated QSI activity till 8 months. Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) analysis indicated possibility of isothiocyanate bonding in CS with DS and with QSI. The QSINPs showed excellent antivirulence activity by reducing the virulence factors and biofilm of and therapeutic efficacy with ciprofloxacin (CIP). Hence, we propose a novel next-generation therapeutic and its appropriate targeting route against biofilm-associated pyelonephritis.