Fernández Guijarro Sara, Miguel García Carolina, Pomarol-Clotet Edith, Egea López Elena Nunilón, Burjales Martí Maria Dolors, Rigol Cuadra Maria Assumpta
Sara Fernández Guijarro, RN, MHN, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
Carolina Miguel García, RN, MHN, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. 2020 Mar/Apr;26(2):162-171. doi: 10.1177/1078390319826686. Epub 2019 Feb 9.
The excess of mortality in people with severe mental illness is due to unnatural causes such as accidents or suicides and natural causes such as metabolic syndrome. The presence of modifiable risk factors like tobacco consumption increases cardiovascular and metabolic risk. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and other cardiovascular risk factors in people with severe mental illness. This study also aimed to identify the prevalence of patients receiving treatment for any metabolic syndrome risk factor. A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed. A total of 125 participants from two community mental health centers in Spain were recruited. More than half of the participants (58.4%) were active smokers. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 60%. A total of 16.8% received previous treatment for hypertension, 17.6% for hypertriglyceridemia, and 11.2% for diabetes. No differences were found between centers (22.7% vs. 18.7%, = .9). The findings underscore the importance of monitoring the physical health of patients on antipsychotic therapy. The identification and management of cardiovascular and metabolic risks factors is an essential part of nursing care for people with severe mental illness. Mental health nurses are ideally positioned to carry out this task by performing physical health screening, health education, and lifestyle interventions.
严重精神疾病患者的死亡率过高是由意外事故或自杀等非自然原因以及代谢综合征等自然原因导致的。吸烟等可改变的风险因素的存在会增加心血管和代谢风险。本研究的目的是确定严重精神疾病患者中代谢综合征和其他心血管风险因素的患病率。本研究还旨在确定接受任何代谢综合征风险因素治疗的患者的患病率。进行了一项横断面描述性研究。从西班牙的两个社区心理健康中心招募了总共125名参与者。超过一半的参与者（58.4%）是现吸烟者。代谢综合征的患病率为60%。共有16.8%的人曾接受过高血压治疗，17.6%的人曾接受过高甘油三酯血症治疗，11.2%的人曾接受过糖尿病治疗。各中心之间未发现差异（22.7%对18.7%，P = 0.9）。研究结果强调了监测接受抗精神病药物治疗患者身体健康的重要性。识别和管理心血管和代谢风险因素是严重精神疾病患者护理的重要组成部分。心理健康护士最适合通过进行身体健康筛查、健康教育和生活方式干预来完成这项任务。
