1 Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
2 European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Noordwijk, Netherlands.
Astrobiology. 2019 Feb;19(2):233-241. doi: 10.1089/ast.2018.1894.
The lichen Buellia frigida was exposed to space and simulated Mars analog conditions in the Biology and Mars Experiment (BIOMEX) project operated outside the International Space Station (ISS) for 1.5 years. To determine the effects of the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) conditions on the lichen symbionts, a LIVE/DEAD staining analysis test was performed. After return from the ISS, the lichen symbionts demonstrated mortality rates of up to 100% for the algal symbiont and up to 97.8% for the fungal symbiont. In contrast, the lichen symbiont controls exhibited mortality rates of 10.3% up to 31.9% for the algal symbiont and 14.5% for the fungal symbiont. The results performed in the BIOMEX Mars simulation experiment on the ISS indicate that the potential for survival and the resistance of the lichen B. frigida to LEO conditions are very low. It is unlikely that Mars could be inhabited by this lichen, even for a limited amount of time, or even not habitable planet for the tested lichen symbionts.
冷地衣被暴露在太空和国际空间站（ISS）外的生物学和火星实验（BIOMEX）项目中，模拟火星条件下的实验条件中长达 1.5 年。为了确定低地球轨道（LEO）条件对地衣共生体的影响，进行了 LIVE/DEAD 染色分析测试。从 ISS 返回后，藻类共生体的死亡率高达 100%，真菌共生体的死亡率高达 97.8%。相比之下，地衣共生体对照物的死亡率在藻类共生体中高达 10.3%至 31.9%，真菌共生体的死亡率为 14.5%。在 ISS 上进行的 BIOMEX 火星模拟实验的结果表明，地衣 B. frigida 的生存潜力和对 LEO 条件的抵抗力非常低。即使是在有限的时间内，火星也不太可能被这种地衣所居住，甚至对于测试的地衣共生体来说，火星也不是一个可居住的行星。
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