Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Ave Doctor Arce 37, Madrid 28002, Spain.
Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Sorbonne Université, APHP, Paris 75013, France; Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiopathology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France.
Neurobiol Dis. 2019 May;125:198-210. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.02.006. Epub 2019 Feb 8.
Oscillations represent basic operational modes of the human brain. They reflect local field potential activity generated by the laminar arrangement of cell-type specific microcircuits interacting brain-wide under the influence of neuromodulators, endogenous processes and cognitive demands. Under neuropathological conditions, the spatiotemporal structure of physiological brain oscillations is disrupted as recorded by electroencephalography and event-relate potentials. Such rhythmopathies can be used to track microcircuit alterations leading not only to transient pathological activities such as interictal discharges and seizures but also to a range of cognitive co-morbidities. Here we review how basic oscillatory modes induced in human brain slices prepared after surgical treatment can help us to understand basic aspects of brain function and dysfunction. We propose to overcome the traditional view of examining human brain slices merely as generators of epileptiform activities and to integrate them in a more physiologically-oriented oscillatory framework to better understand mechanisms of the diseased human brain.
振荡代表了人类大脑的基本运作模式。它们反映了由细胞类型特异性微电路的层状排列产生的局部场电位活动，这些微电路在神经调质、内源性过程和认知需求的影响下在大脑范围内相互作用。在神经病理学条件下，如脑电图和事件相关电位记录所示，生理脑振荡的时空结构被破坏。这种节律病可以用来跟踪导致不仅短暂病理活动如发作间期放电和癫痫发作，而且还导致一系列认知合并症的微电路改变。在这里，我们回顾了在手术后制备的人类脑片中诱导的基本振荡模式如何帮助我们理解大脑功能和功能障碍的基本方面。我们建议克服仅将人类脑片视为癫痫样活动发生器的传统观点，并将其整合到更具生理导向的振荡框架中，以更好地理解患病人脑的机制。
