Norman B. Keevil Institute of Mining Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Norman B. Keevil Institute of Mining Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Apr 10;660:1533-1541. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.113. Epub 2019 Jan 11.
Worldwide, approximately 30 million people depend directly on artisanal mining of many different minerals to provide for themselves and their families. However, poverty and a lack of education and training keep artisanal miners trapped in a cycle of rudimentary practices, which generate both environmental and health impacts. As the needs and motivations of artisanal miners are often ignored, previous attempts to deliver training projects have resulted in little sustained success. A successful training project for artisanal miners should be site-specific, including implementation of a thorough evaluation plan to monitor progress of the project's initiatives through established indicators. Frequently, training projects are restricted to the specifications of the funding donor, instead of designing initiatives that adequately reflect the realities of the context in which the training will take place. Furthermore, it is imperative that any training project uses a bottom-up approach that incorporates knowledge garnered from the successes and mistakes of previous projects. In this study, after analysis of previous and current training efforts, the attributes of a successful training project were outlined, including the importance of training champions within artisanal miner communities, drawing effectively on government support, and providing simple, affordable and profitable techniques to improve productivity and reduce environmental impacts. In addition, a framework with performance indicators was mapped out to show how a successful training project could be designed, implemented, monitored and evaluated, including the need to incorporate inclusive consultation, cultural sensitivity and consistently applied protocols into every step of the project. Instead of instructing practitioners on what the training should cover, the framework outlines how a training project's design can be informed by the needs of a particular mining sector. Ultimately, this kind of framework can serve as a template for practitioners working in diverse sectors around the world.
全球范围内，大约有 3000 万人直接依赖于各种矿产的手工采矿来维持生计。然而，贫困以及缺乏教育和培训，使得手工矿工一直被困在原始的生产方式中，这不仅对环境造成了影响，也对健康造成了危害。由于手工矿工的需求和动机经常被忽视，以前为他们提供培训项目的尝试都没有取得持续的成功。一个成功的手工矿工培训项目应该是针对具体地点的，包括实施全面的评估计划，通过既定的指标来监测项目举措的进展。通常情况下，培训项目都受到资助方的限制，而不是设计出充分反映培训所处环境实际情况的举措。此外，任何培训项目都必须采用自下而上的方法，从以往项目的成功和失败中吸取经验。在本研究中，在分析了以往和当前的培训工作之后，概述了成功培训项目的特点，包括在手工矿工社区中培养培训带头人的重要性，有效地利用政府的支持，并提供简单、经济实惠且盈利的技术，以提高生产力并减少环境影响。此外，还制定了一个带有绩效指标的框架，以展示如何设计、实施、监测和评估一个成功的培训项目，包括需要将包容性协商、文化敏感性和始终如一的应用协议纳入项目的每一个步骤。这个框架不是为了告诉从业者培训应该涵盖哪些内容，而是概述了培训项目的设计如何能够根据特定矿业部门的需求来进行调整。最终，这种框架可以作为全球不同领域从业者的模板。
