Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Viruses. 2019 Feb 8;11(2):144. doi: 10.3390/v11020144.
Viral agents of human gastroenteritis affect people of all ages across the globe. As a mainly self-limiting disease, it is difficult to evaluate the real prevalence of etiological agents circulating in each region. Many of the analyzed outbreaks are caused by viruses of the family Caliciviridae, especially the genus (NoV). Most studies have focused on other enteric viruses, leaving sapovirus (SaV) underestimated as an important emerging human threat. This one-year study analyzed clinical samples from hospital outpatients with acute gastroenteritis in Spain, with the aim of revealing the importance of human SaV as an emerging viral pathogen. A total of 2667 stools were tested using reverse transcription (RT)-qPCR to detect and quantify SaV. Sapovirus was detected in all age groups, especially in infants, children, and the elderly. The prevalence was 15.64% (417/2667), and was slightly higher in 0⁻2- and 3⁻5-year-olds (19.53% and 17.95%, respectively) and much lower in 13⁻18-year-olds (9.86%). Positive samples were detected throughout the year, with peaks of detection during autumn and the late winter to early spring months. The mean value for the quantified samples was 6.5 × 10⁵ genome copies per gram of stool (GC/g) (range 2.4 × 10³⁻6.6 × 10 GC/g). RT-nested PCR and sequencing were used for further genotyping. Genetic characterization showed a predominance of genogroup I (GI), followed by GII and GIV. The detection of multiple genotypes suggests the circulation of different strains without any clear tendency. The results obtained suggest SaV as the second major gastroenteritis agent after NoV in the region.
人类肠道病毒病原体影响着全球各个年龄段的人群。由于该病主要为自限性疾病，因此很难评估每个地区流行的病原体的真实发病率。许多分析的暴发是由杯状病毒科（Caliciviridae family）的病毒引起的，尤其是 （NoV）属。大多数研究都集中在其他肠道病毒上，而忽略了作为重要新兴人类威胁的星状病毒（SaV）。这项为期一年的研究分析了西班牙医院门诊急性胃肠炎患者的临床样本，旨在揭示人类 SaV 作为新兴病毒病原体的重要性。使用逆转录（RT）-qPCR 对 2667 份粪便样本进行检测，以检测和定量 SaV。在所有年龄段都检测到 SaV，尤其是婴儿、儿童和老年人。总检出率为 15.64%（417/2667），0⁻2 岁和 3⁻5 岁儿童的检出率略高（分别为 19.53%和 17.95%），13⁻18 岁青少年的检出率则低很多（9.86%）。全年都可检测到阳性样本，检测高峰出现在秋季和冬末至早春。定量样本的平均值为每克粪便 6.5 × 10⁵ 基因组拷贝（GC/g）（范围为 2.4 × 10³⁻6.6 × 10 GC/g）。使用 RT-巢式 PCR 和测序进行进一步的基因分型。遗传特征表明 GI 基因型占主导地位，其次是 GII 和 GIV。多种基因型的检测表明不同毒株的循环，没有任何明显的趋势。研究结果表明，SaV 是该地区继 NoV 之后的第二大胃肠炎病原体。
