Eglit Graham M L, Palmer Barton W, Jeste Dilip V
a Department of Psychiatry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA.
b Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA.
Nord J Psychiatry. 2018 Aug;72(6):396-403. doi: 10.1080/08039488.2018.1459834.
Psychiatry has traditionally focused on studying psychopathology and treating mental illnesses to relieve symptoms and prevent relapse. Positive psychiatry seeks to expand the scope of psychiatry to broader aspects of mental health and well-being among individuals with or without mental illnesses. Positive psychosocial factors such as well-being, resilience, optimism, wisdom, and social support are central to positive psychiatry.
To summarize the emerging science of positive psychiatry, emphasizing the use of measures of positive characteristics and outcomes relevant to mental health.
Overview of recent research in positive psychiatry, focusing on measurements.
Positive psychosocial factors are associated with better mental and physical health in diverse populations. Among individuals with serious mental illnesses, levels of these factors vary considerably, but positive psychiatry interventions can improve well-being and rates of recovery in at least subsets of the patients. A number of measures of positive factors and outcomes are available; most of them are based on self-reports, which have advantages as well as limitations.
Positive psychiatry has the potential to improve the health and well-being of individuals with or without mental illnesses. Further research is needed to provide clinicians and investigators with a full tool-box of validated measures for positive psychosocial factors and outcomes. These measures should be subjected to rigorous psychometric evaluation across populations to help clarify mechanisms underlying positive factors, evaluate their longitudinal trajectories, and examine the impact of interventions on health and well-being over the lifespan in different clinical groups.
传统上，精神病学专注于研究精神病理学和治疗精神疾病以缓解症状并预防复发。积极精神病学旨在将精神病学的范围扩展到有或没有精神疾病的个体心理健康和幸福的更广泛方面。诸如幸福、复原力、乐观、智慧和社会支持等积极的社会心理因素是积极精神病学的核心。
总结积极精神病学的新兴科学，强调使用与心理健康相关的积极特征和结果的测量方法。
概述积极精神病学的近期研究，重点是测量方法。
积极社会心理因素与不同人群更好的身心健康相关。在患有严重精神疾病的个体中，这些因素的水平差异很大，但积极精神病学干预至少可以改善部分患者的幸福感和康复率。有多种积极因素和结果的测量方法；其中大多数基于自我报告，既有优点也有局限性。
积极精神病学有潜力改善有或没有精神疾病的个体的健康和幸福。需要进一步研究为临床医生和研究人员提供一套完整的经过验证的积极社会心理因素和结果的测量工具。这些测量方法应在不同人群中进行严格的心理测量评估，以帮助阐明积极因素的潜在机制，评估其纵向轨迹，并检查干预措施对不同临床组整个生命周期内健康和幸福的影响。
