Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University , Nijmegen , The Netherlands.
Developmental Psychology, Universiteit van Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.
Cogn Emot. 2019 Dec;33(8):1531-1547. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2019.1577220. Epub 2019 Feb 11.
Facial expressions play a central role in diverse areas of psychology. However, facial stimuli are often only validated by adults, and there are no face databases validated by school-aged children. Validation by children is important because children still develop emotion recognition skills and may have different perceptions than adults. Therefore, in this study, we validated the adult Caucasian faces of the Radboud Faces Database (RaFD) in 8- to 12-year-old children (= 652). Additionally, children rated valence, clarity, and model attractiveness. Emotion recognition rates were relatively high (72%; compared to 82% in the original validation by adults). Recognition accuracy was highest for happiness, below average for fear and disgust, and lowest for contempt. Children showed roughly the same emotion recognition pattern as adults, but were less accurate in distinguishing similar emotions. As expected, in general, 10- to 12-year-old children had a higher emotion recognition accuracy than 8- and 9-year-olds. Overall, girls slightly outperformed boys. More nuanced differences in these gender and age effects on recognition rates were visible per emotion. The current study provides researchers with recommendation on how to use the RaFD adult pictures in child studies. Researchers can select appropriate stimuli for their research using the online available validation data.
面部表情在心理学的多个领域中起着核心作用。然而，面部刺激通常仅由成年人进行验证，而针对学龄儿童的面部刺激数据库尚未得到验证。由儿童进行验证很重要，因为儿童的情绪识别能力仍在发展中，并且他们的感知可能与成年人不同。因此，在这项研究中，我们对 8 至 12 岁儿童（=652 名）验证了 Radboud 面部数据库（RaFD）的成人白种人面部。此外，儿童对效价、清晰度和模特吸引力进行了评分。情绪识别率相对较高（72％；与成人原始验证的 82％相比）。识别准确率最高的是幸福，恐惧和厌恶次之，轻蔑最低。儿童表现出与成人相似的情绪识别模式，但在区分相似情绪方面准确性较低。正如预期的那样，一般来说，10 至 12 岁的儿童的情绪识别准确性高于 8 至 9 岁的儿童。总的来说，女孩的表现略优于男孩。在每种情绪的识别率方面，这些性别和年龄差异的细微差别更为明显。本研究为研究人员在儿童研究中使用 RaFD 成人图片提供了建议。研究人员可以使用在线可用的验证数据为他们的研究选择适当的刺激。
