Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
BMC Med Educ. 2019 Feb 11;19(1):53. doi: 10.1186/s12909-019-1483-4.
Nurses are responsible for implementing appropriate measures to reduce hospital infections, especially with multidrug resistant bacteria, so nursing students should learn about microbiology. This helps them to understand bacterial dissemination and infectious disease control. Because of tight schedules, however, its teaching is limited in undergraduate nursing classes in Japan. We therefore tested whether a simple short practical session in a microbiology class could help to improve undergraduate nursing students' awareness of bacterial traits and how to prevent infections.
This study involved second-grade nursing students (n = 76). Two short practical sessions (a total of 3 h, across 2 days) were used to assess the effectiveness of washing or disinfection on hand bacteria in a 16-class microbiology course (total class time was 24 h, plus an exam). Hand bacteria were sampled on LB agar plates with orientation during the first half-day, and the plates examined for colonies with distinct color or morphological traits, and discussed, in the second session, a week later. Questionnaires before and after the exercise were used to assess changes in awareness of unseen bacteria inhabiting around us connecting bacterial traits and how to prevent infections.
The results showed that the practical increased the nursing students' awareness of fomites (utensils) (p = 0.0115), fomites (contact-based) (p = 0.0016), habitats (body surface) (p = 0.0127), action facilitating hospital infection (p = 0.0166), and changes in physical condition caused by bacterial infections (p = 0.0136). There were no changes in word associations (p = 0.627) or habitats (inside body) (p = 0.308). Difficulty score, which is an element in questionnaire psychometric properties, tended to be close to the expected score through the practical, but not statistical significant. In addition, regardless of before or after practical, Cronbach α score, which is an indicator of the reliability among items of multi-choice questions, showed > 0.8, indicating validity of evaluation items. Thus, the student's awareness of unseen bacteria inhabiting around us was significantly increased as compared to those before practical in microbiology class.
The simple short practical effectively improved nursing students' awareness of unseen bacteria inhabiting around us in microbiology course, useful for even tight teaching schedules.
护士负责采取适当措施来减少医院感染，尤其是耐多药细菌的感染，因此护理专业学生应该学习微生物学。这有助于他们了解细菌传播和传染病控制。然而，由于课程安排紧张，日本本科护理课程中微生物学的教学受到限制。因此，我们测试了在微生物学课堂上进行简单的短期实践课程是否有助于提高本科护理学生对细菌特性和预防感染的认识。
本研究涉及二年级护理专业学生（n=76）。在一门 16 节的微生物学课程中（总课时为 24 小时，外加考试），使用两个短期实践课程（共 3 小时，持续两天）来评估洗手或消毒对手上细菌的效果。在前半天，在 LB 琼脂平板上进行手部细菌采样，并在第二天检查具有明显颜色或形态特征的菌落，并进行讨论。在练习前后使用问卷评估对周围看不见的细菌的认识变化，将细菌特性与预防感染联系起来。
结果表明，实践增加了护理学生对媒介物（器具）（p=0.0115）、媒介物（接触型）（p=0.0016）、栖息地（体表）（p=0.0127）、促进医院感染的行为（p=0.0166）和细菌感染引起的身体状况变化（p=0.0136）的认识。单词联想（p=0.627）或栖息地（体内）（p=0.308）没有变化。难度评分是问卷心理测量学性质的一个要素，通过实践，它趋于接近预期评分，但没有统计学意义。此外，无论在实践前后，多项选择问题的项目间可靠性指标 Cronbach α 评分均>0.8，表明评估项目有效。因此，与微生物学课程前相比，学生对周围看不见的细菌的认识显著提高。
在微生物学课程中，这种简单的短期实践可以有效地提高护理学生对周围看不见的细菌的认识，即使在紧张的教学计划中也很有用。
