School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2019 Jun 1;19(6):3148-3161. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2019.16590.
Major fossil fuel consumption associated with CO₂ emission and socioeconomic instability has received much concern within the global community regarding the long-term sustainability and security of these commodities. The capture, sequestration, and conversion of CO₂ emissions from flue gas are now becoming familiar worldwide. Nanostructured carbonaceous materials with designed functionality have been extensively used in some key CO₂ exploitation processes and techniques, because of their excellent electrical conductivity, chemical/mechanical stability, adjustable chemical compositions, and abundant active sites. This review focuses on a variety of carbonaceous materials, like graphene, carbon nanotubes, amorphous porous carbons and carbon hybrid composites, which have been demonstrated promising in CO₂ capture/separation and conversion (electrocatalysis and photocatalysis) to produce value-added chemicals and fuels. Along with the discussion and concerning synthesis strategies, characterization and conversion and capture/separation techniques employed, we further elaborate the structure-performance relationships in terms of elucidating active sites, reaction mechanisms and kinetics improvement. Finally, challenges and future perspectives of these carbon-based materials for CO₂ applications using well-structured carbons are remarked in detail.
主要的化石燃料消耗与 CO₂ 排放和社会经济不稳定有关，这引起了全球社会对这些商品的长期可持续性和安全性的关注。目前，从烟道气中捕获、隔离和转化 CO₂ 排放已经在全球范围内变得熟悉。具有设计功能的纳米结构碳质材料由于其优异的导电性、化学/机械稳定性、可调化学成分和丰富的活性位点，已广泛应用于一些关键的 CO₂ 开发过程和技术中。
本综述重点介绍了各种碳质材料，如石墨烯、碳纳米管、无定形多孔碳和碳杂化复合材料，它们在 CO₂ 的捕获/分离和转化（电催化和光催化）方面表现出了很大的潜力，可以生产高附加值的化学品和燃料。
在讨论和关注所采用的合成策略、表征和转化以及捕获/分离技术的同时，我们进一步阐述了结构-性能关系，以阐明活性位点、反应机制和动力学改进。最后，详细评述了使用结构良好的碳的这些基于碳的材料在 CO₂ 应用中的挑战和未来展望。
