Balasubramanian S, Shah Abhay, Pemde Harish K, Chatterjee Pallab, Shivananda S, Guduru Vijay Kumar, Soans Santosh, Shastri Digant, Kumar Remesh
Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Immunization Practices (ACVIP), Indian Academy of Pediatrics, India.
Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Immunization Practices (ACVIP), Indian Academy of Pediatrics, India. Correspondence to: Dr Harish K Pemde, Director Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Kalawati Saran Childern's Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Indian Pediatr. 2018 Dec 15;55(12):1066-1074.
There is a need to revise/review recommendations regarding existing vaccines in view of current developments in vaccinology.
Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Immunization Practices (ACVIP) of Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) reviewed the new evidence, had two meetings, and representatives of few vaccine manufacturers also presented their data. The recommendations were finalized unanimously.
To revise and review the IAP recommendations for 2018-19 and issue recommendations on existing and certain new vaccines.
The major changes in the IAP 2018-19 Immunization Timetable include administration of hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours of age, acceptance of four doses of hepatitis B vaccine if a combination pentavalent or hexavalent vaccine is used, administration of DTwP or DTaP in the primary series, and complete replacement of oral polio vaccine (OPV) by injectable polio vaccine (IPV) as early as possible. In case IPV is not available or feasible, the child should be offered three doses of bivalent OPV. In such cases, the child should be advised to receive two fractional doses of IPV at a Government facility at 6 and 14 weeks or at least one dose of intramuscular IPV, either standalone or as a combination, at 14 weeks. The first dose of monovalent Rotavirus vaccine (RV1) can be administered at 6 weeks and the second at 10 weeks of age in a two-dose schedule. Any of the available rotavirus vaccine may be administered. Inactivated influenza vaccine (either trivalent or quadrivalent) is recommended annually to all children between 6 months to 5 years of age. Measles-containing vaccine (MMR/MR) should be administered after 9 months of age. Additional dose of MR vaccine may be administered during MR campaign for children 9 months to 15 years, irrespective of previous vaccination status. Single dose of Typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) is recommended from the age of 6 months and beyond, and can be administered with MMR vaccine if administered at 9 months. Four-dose schedule of anti-rabies vaccine for Post Exposure Prophylaxis as recommended by World Health Organization in 2018, is endorsed, and monoclonal rabies antibody can be administered as an alternative to Rabies immunoglobulin for post-exposure prophylaxis.
鉴于疫苗学的当前发展，有必要修订/审查关于现有疫苗的建议。
印度儿科学会（IAP）的疫苗与免疫实践咨询委员会（ACVIP）审查了新证据，召开了两次会议，一些疫苗制造商的代表也展示了他们的数据。建议最终获得一致通过。
修订和审查IAP 2018 - 19年的建议，并就现有和某些新疫苗发布建议。
IAP 2018 - 19年免疫接种时间表的主要变化包括在出生后24小时内接种乙肝疫苗；如果使用联合五价或六价疫苗，可接受四剂乙肝疫苗；在基础免疫系列中接种百白破疫苗（DTwP）或无细胞百白破疫苗（DTaP）；尽早用注射用脊髓灰质炎疫苗（IPV）完全替代口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV）。如果没有IPV或不可行，应为儿童接种三剂二价OPV。在这种情况下，应建议儿童在6周和14周时在政府机构接种两剂分剂量的IPV，或在14周时至少接种一剂肌肉注射的IPV（单独接种或联合接种）。单价轮状病毒疫苗（RV1）的第一剂可在6周龄时接种，第二剂在10周龄时接种，采用两剂接种程序。可接种任何一种可用的轮状病毒疫苗。建议每年为所有6个月至5岁的儿童接种灭活流感疫苗（三价或四价）。含麻疹疫苗（MMR/MR）应在9月龄后接种。对于9个月至15岁的儿童，无论以前的疫苗接种情况如何，在MR强化免疫活动期间可额外接种一剂MR疫苗。建议从6个月及以上开始接种单剂量伤寒结合疫苗（TCV），如果在9个月时接种，可与MMR疫苗同时接种。认可世界卫生组织2018年推荐的用于暴露后预防的四剂狂犬病疫苗接种程序，单克隆狂犬病抗体可作为狂犬病免疫球蛋白的替代药物用于暴露后预防。
