成瘾与多巴胺：吸烟研究中的性别差异及见解
Addiction and Dopamine: Sex Differences and Insights from Studies of Smoking.
作者信息
Petersen Nicole, London Edythe D
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90024.
Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90024.
出版信息
Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2018 Oct;23:150-159. doi: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.07.002. Epub 2018 Jul 27.
Abstract
Mesolimbic dopaminergic function influences addiction through effects on reinforcement learning, decision-making, and impulsivity. This review covers sex differences in dopaminergic neurochemistry, their hormonal and genetic determinants, and how differences in dopaminergic tone interact with sex and/or ovarian hormone status to affect cognitive functions. Findings from research on cigarette smoking reveal sex differences in striatal and midbrain dopamine D2-type receptor availability and striatal dopamine release that suggest mechanisms of nicotine dependence, and stronger subjective responses to nicotine and efficacy of nicotine replacement therapies in male smokers than in their female counterparts. Opportunities exist to extend such efforts in studies of how sex and hormone status influence other addictions.
摘要
中脑边缘多巴胺能功能通过对强化学习、决策和冲动性的影响来影响成瘾。本综述涵盖了多巴胺能神经化学的性别差异、其激素和遗传决定因素，以及多巴胺能张力的差异如何与性别和/或卵巢激素状态相互作用以影响认知功能。吸烟研究的结果揭示了纹状体和中脑多巴胺D2型受体可用性以及纹状体多巴胺释放的性别差异，这提示了尼古丁依赖的机制，并且男性吸烟者对尼古丁的主观反应更强，尼古丁替代疗法对男性吸烟者的疗效也优于女性吸烟者。在研究性别和激素状态如何影响其他成瘾方面，有机会扩展此类研究。
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