Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2018 Jan;235(1):193-202. doi: 10.1007/s00213-017-4755-x. Epub 2017 Oct 11.
Policies that establish a standard for reduced nicotine content in cigarettes can decrease the prevalence of smoking in the USA. Cigarettes with nicotine yields as low as 0.05 mg produce substantial occupancy of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (26%), but women and men respond differently to these cigarettes.
This study aimed to measure responses to smoking cigarettes that varied widely in nicotine yields, investigating whether sex differences in the effects on craving, withdrawal, and affect would be observed at even lower nicotine yields than previously studied, and in young smokers.
Overnight abstinent young smokers (23 men, 23 women, mean age 22.18) provided self-reports of craving, withdrawal, and affect before and after smoking cigarettes with yields of 0.027, 0.110, 0.231, or 0.763 mg nicotine, and evaluated characteristics of each cigarette.
Compared to abstinent young men, abstinent young women reported greater negative affect, psychological withdrawal, and sedation, all of which were relieved equally by all cigarettes. Men but not women reported greater craving reduction, perceived nicotine content, and cigarette liking with increasing nicotine dose.
Men may experience less smoking-related relief of craving, and enjoy cigarettes less, if nicotine yields are reduced to very low levels. Conversely, women respond equally well to cigarettes with nicotine yields as low as 0.027 mg as to cigarettes with nicotine yields 28-fold higher (0.763 mg). These differences are relevant for policy regarding reduced nicotine in cigarettes and may influence the efficacy and acceptability of reduced-nicotine cigarettes as smoking cessation aids.
制定香烟中尼古丁含量标准的政策可以降低美国的吸烟率。尼古丁含量低至 0.05 毫克的香烟会大量占据烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体（26%），但女性和男性对这些香烟的反应不同。
本研究旨在测量吸食尼古丁含量差异很大的香烟的反应，调查即使在比以前研究更低的尼古丁含量水平下，以及在年轻吸烟者中，是否会观察到对吸烟渴求、戒断和情绪影响的性别差异。
经过一夜的禁欲，年轻吸烟者（23 名男性，23 名女性，平均年龄 22.18 岁）在吸食尼古丁含量分别为 0.027、0.110、0.231 或 0.763 毫克的香烟前后提供了对吸烟渴求、戒断和情绪的自我报告，并对每种香烟的特性进行了评估。
与禁欲的年轻男性相比，禁欲的年轻女性报告了更大的负面情绪、心理戒断和镇静，所有这些都能被所有香烟同等缓解。只有男性而不是女性报告了随着尼古丁剂量的增加，吸烟渴求的减少、感知的尼古丁含量和对香烟的喜爱程度的增加。
如果将尼古丁含量降低到非常低的水平，男性可能会经历更少的与吸烟相关的缓解吸烟渴求的感觉，并且对香烟的享受程度降低。相比之下，女性对尼古丁含量低至 0.027 毫克的香烟和尼古丁含量高 28 倍的香烟（0.763 毫克）的反应是一样的。这些差异与香烟中降低尼古丁的政策有关，可能会影响降低尼古丁香烟作为戒烟辅助工具的疗效和可接受性。
