Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market (ROA), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2019 Jul;92(5):683-697. doi: 10.1007/s00420-019-01404-9. Epub 2019 Feb 11.
This study examines the relationship between need for recovery (NFR) and labour force exit (LFE) among older workers. Different types of LFE (early retirement, work disability and unemployment) are considered, and the role of potential confounding and modifying factors, including the availability of early LFE schemes, is examined. Also, associations between NFR and the intention and ability to prolong one's working life, which are known determinants of LFE, are assessed.
A subsample of older workers from the Maastricht Cohort Study was examined (n = 2312). The relationship between NFR and LFE was investigated by means of Cox regression analyses. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate cross-sectional associations between NFR and the intention and ability to prolong working life.
Elevated NFR was associated with a higher risk of overall LFE during a 4-year follow-up period (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.09-1.78), and specifically with a higher risk of leaving the labour force through early retirement and work disability. When early retirement schemes were available, strong and significant associations between NFR and LFE were observed (HR 2.79, 95% CI 1.29-6.02), whereas no significant associations were found when such schemes were unavailable. Older workers with a higher NFR also had earlier retirement intentions and lower self-assessed abilities (both physical and mental) to prolong their working life until the mandatory retirement age.
Because this study shows that NFR is a precursor of LFE among older workers, monitoring NFR is important for timely interventions aimed at reducing NFR to facilitate extended labour participation.
本研究考察了老年工作者的恢复需求（NFR）与劳动力退出（LFE）之间的关系。考虑了不同类型的 LFE（提前退休、工作残疾和失业），并考察了潜在的混杂和调节因素的作用，包括提前 LFE 计划的可用性。还评估了 NFR 与延长工作寿命的意愿和能力之间的关联，这些都是 LFE 的已知决定因素。
从马斯特里赫特队列研究中选择了一个老年工人亚组（n=2312）进行研究。通过 Cox 回归分析研究了 NFR 与 LFE 之间的关系。通过逻辑回归分析研究了 NFR 与延长工作寿命的意愿和能力之间的横断面关联。
在 4 年的随访期间，较高的 NFR 与总体 LFE 的风险增加相关（HR 1.39，95%CI 1.09-1.78），特别是与通过提前退休和工作残疾退出劳动力市场的风险增加相关。当提前退休计划可用时，NFR 与 LFE 之间存在强烈而显著的关联（HR 2.79，95%CI 1.29-6.02），而当没有提前退休计划时，则没有发现显著关联。NFR 较高的老年工人也有更早的退休意愿和较低的自我评估能力（身体和精神）来延长工作寿命，直到法定退休年龄。
由于本研究表明 NFR 是老年工作者 LFE 的前兆，因此监测 NFR 对于及时干预以减少 NFR 以促进延长劳动力参与非常重要。
