Gommans Fleur, Jansen Nicole, Stynen Dave, de Grip Andries, Kant Ijmert
Department of Epidemiology, School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2015 Jul;41(4):356-67. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3497. Epub 2015 Apr 7.
This study investigates whether different shift work schedules, compared to day work, are associated with need for recovery (NFR), future disability, and retirement intentions for employees employed within different economic sectors over the course of their careers. Shift work exposure duration and the healthy worker effect are also examined.
Data from the prospective Maastricht Cohort Study was used. Subsamples of industry (N=1877, all men) and healthcare (N=818, 624 women and 194 men) workers were separately investigated. GEE and Cox regression analyses were performed to investigate NFR longitudinally. Future disability was investigated using Cox regression, and retirement intentions were investigated using logistic regression analysis.
Three-shift industry workers were at risk of becoming a case of elevated NFR during follow-up, compared to industry day workers. Three- and five-shift industry workers were at risk for future disability. In healthcare, irregular shift work was a risk factor for disability among older shift workers. No significant results were found regarding retirement intentions. Findings were probably an underestimation as exposure duration to shift work and the healthy worker effect affected the results.
Shift work was associated with higher levels of NFR and a higher risk of disability. However, shift work is a multifaceted concept as different types of shift work schedules are differently associated with these outcomes. Different shift work types exist and shift work schedules allow for optimization, indicating that measures to prevent adverse outcomes should be tailored for different types of shift work and over the course of the work career.
本研究调查与日班工作相比，不同的轮班工作安排是否与不同经济部门员工职业生涯中的恢复需求（NFR）、未来残疾风险和退休意愿相关。同时还研究了轮班工作暴露时长和健康工人效应。
使用前瞻性马斯特里赫特队列研究的数据。分别对工业部门（N = 1877，均为男性）和医疗保健部门（N = 818，624名女性和194名男性）的子样本进行调查。采用广义估计方程（GEE）和Cox回归分析纵向研究NFR。使用Cox回归研究未来残疾风险，使用逻辑回归分析研究退休意愿。
与工业部门日班工人相比，三班制工业工人在随访期间有成为NFR升高病例的风险。三班制和五班制工业工人有未来残疾的风险。在医疗保健部门，非规律轮班工作是老年轮班工人残疾的一个风险因素。在退休意愿方面未发现显著结果。由于轮班工作暴露时长和健康工人效应影响了结果，这些发现可能被低估了。
轮班工作与较高水平的NFR和较高的残疾风险相关。然而，轮班工作是一个多方面的概念，因为不同类型的轮班工作安排与这些结果的关联不同。存在不同类型的轮班工作，并且轮班工作安排可以优化，这表明预防不良后果的措施应针对不同类型的轮班工作并在整个职业生涯中进行调整。
