Simpson J L, Gray R H, Queenan J T, Mena P, Perez A, Kambic R T, Tagliabue G, Pardo F, Stevenson W S, Barbato M
University of Tennessee, Memphis.
Adv Contracept. 1988 Dec;4(4):247-64. doi: 10.1007/BF01849266.
Although natural family planning (NFP) is a form of contraception without ostensible maternal risks (other than pregnancy), potential fetal risks could exist if aging gametes are involved in inadvertent fertilization. In the following report, we first review animal studies firmly establishing that aging sperm and aging oocytes (delayed fertilization) cause chromosomal abnormalities in mammals and other species. We next review human studies associating decreased coital frequency with trisomy and studies of NFP populations that generally show no increased frequency of anomalous offspring or spontaneous abortions. Our rationale for initiating an international cohort study is presented, along with the experimental design selected. Preliminary findings indicate that the experimental design chosen will indeed provide information allowing NFP safety to be assessed definitively.
尽管自然计划生育（NFP）是一种表面上没有孕产妇风险（除怀孕外）的避孕方式，但如果老化的配子参与意外受精，可能存在潜在的胎儿风险。在以下报告中，我们首先回顾动物研究，这些研究确凿地证实老化的精子和老化的卵母细胞（延迟受精）会导致哺乳动物和其他物种的染色体异常。接下来，我们回顾将性交频率降低与三体性相关联的人类研究，以及对自然计划生育人群的研究，这些研究总体上未显示异常后代或自然流产的频率增加。我们阐述了启动一项国际队列研究的基本原理，以及所选择的实验设计。初步研究结果表明，所选择的实验设计确实将提供信息，从而能够明确评估自然计划生育的安全性。
