Sanderlin R S, Melanson R A
Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Pecan Research-Extension Station, P.O. Box 5519, Shreveport 71135.
Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology Department, Baton Rouge 70803.
Plant Dis. 2010 Apr;94(4):465-470. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-94-4-0465.
Pecan bacterial leaf scorch (PBLS), caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, can cause economically significant crop loss to some pecan (Carya illinoinensis) cultivars in the southeastern United States. X. fastidiosa is typically vectored by spittlebugs (Cercopidae) and leafhoppers (Cicadellidae). Because no vector species had been reported for pecan, an attempt was made to identify potential vectors that are capable of acquiring the bacterium from infected pecan trees and transmitting to pecan. Several spittlebug and leafhopper species collected from various sources, including sorghum and pecan, were tested as potential vectors of the pathogen from pecan to pecan. When tested in groups, the pecan spittlebug, Clastoptera achatina; the Johnson-grass sharpshooter, Homalodisca insolita; and the glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS), Homalodisca vitripennis, had transmission rates to pecan of 11.4, 19.3, and 4%, respectively, following a pathogen acquisition period on infected pecan terminals. The pecan spittlebug is common in pecan orchards in the southeastern United States, and the GWSS was observed on young vigorous pecan shoots. Limited testing with the diamond-backed spittlebug, Lepyronia quadrangularis, and the lateral-lined sharpshooter, Cuerna costalis, suggested that these could be occasional vectors of X. fastidiosa to pecan. There is a need for studies on the identification and population dynamics of Cicadellidae that inhabit pecan orchards to determine if management of vectors is needed in commercial pecan production to reduce the spread of PBLS.
山核桃细菌性叶焦病（PBLS）由木质部难养菌引起，会给美国东南部一些山核桃（美国山核桃）品种造成重大经济损失。木质部难养菌通常由沫蝉（沫蝉科）和叶蝉（叶蝉科）传播。由于此前尚未报道过山核桃的传病媒介种类，因此开展了一项研究，旨在识别能够从受感染的山核桃树上获取该细菌并传播给山核桃树的潜在传病媒介。从包括高粱和山核桃在内的各种来源收集了几种沫蝉和叶蝉物种，作为该病原体从山核桃到山核桃传播的潜在传病媒介进行测试。分组测试时，在感染的山核桃枝条上经过病原体获取期后，山核桃沫蝉（Clastoptera achatina）、约翰逊草叶蝉（Homalodisca insolita）和玻璃翅叶蝉（GWSS，Homalodisca vitripennis）传播到山核桃的比率分别为11.4%、19.3%和4%。山核桃沫蝉在美国东南部的山核桃果园很常见，并且在幼嫩健壮的山核桃嫩梢上发现了玻璃翅叶蝉。对菱背沫蝉（Lepyronia quadrangularis）和侧线叶蝉（Cuerna costalis）进行的有限测试表明，它们可能偶尔会将木质部难养菌传播给山核桃。有必要对栖息在山核桃果园中的叶蝉科昆虫进行识别和种群动态研究，以确定在商业化山核桃生产中是否需要对传病媒介进行管理，以减少山核桃细菌性叶焦病的传播。
