Alfer Dirk, Lehmkuhl Gerd, Bender Stephan
Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters Universitätsklinik Köln Robert-Koch-Str. 10 50931 Köln Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie | Kinder-Jugendpsychiatrie Uniklinik Köln.
Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr. 2019 Feb;68(2):110-127. doi: 10.13109/prkk.2019.68.2.110.
Insomnia and Hypersomnia among Children and Adolescents with Psychiatric Disorders The common symptom of sleep disorders is non-restorative sleep, which results in daytime sleepiness. Therefore in clinical practice simultaneous complaints of "not enough" and "too much" sleep are very frequent. For the investigation and treatment of organic sleep disorders, available instruments, guidelines and specialised institutions (sleep centres or sleep laboratories) are more advanced than for non-organic sleep disorders. Especially in the child and adolescent psychiatric and psychotherapeutic field this complicates an appropriate treatment. In addition multiple psychiatric, neurological and other somatic diseases can disrupt nighttime sleep and cause impairments during the day too. There are various instruments and methods to cover disturbed nocturnal sleep, some of which have already found widespread use in clinical practice (e. g. sleep diaries or specific questionnaires and interviews). For the examination of daytime sleepiness instruments and methods are available too, which by now seem to be less widely used. Against this background an overview of definitions, distinctive features and clinical instruments as well as guidelines for dealing with "too much and too little sleep" during the day or at night shall be presented.
患有精神疾病的儿童和青少年中的失眠与嗜睡 睡眠障碍的常见症状是睡眠无恢复感，这会导致日间嗜睡。因此，在临床实践中，同时抱怨“睡眠不足”和“睡眠过多”的情况非常常见。对于器质性睡眠障碍的调查和治疗，现有的仪器、指南和专业机构（睡眠中心或睡眠实验室）比非器质性睡眠障碍的更为先进。尤其是在儿童和青少年精神病学及心理治疗领域，这使得适当的治疗变得复杂。此外，多种精神、神经和其他躯体疾病也会扰乱夜间睡眠，并导致日间功能受损。有各种仪器和方法可用于监测夜间睡眠障碍，其中一些已在临床实践中广泛使用（例如睡眠日记或特定问卷及访谈）。对于日间嗜睡的检查也有相应的仪器和方法，不过目前看来使用不太广泛。在此背景下，将对“过多和过少睡眠”在白天或夜间的定义、特征、临床仪器以及处理指南进行概述。
