Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey.
Faculty of the Arts and Design, Department of Landscape Architecture, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
Environ Monit Assess. 2019 Feb 13;191(3):157. doi: 10.1007/s10661-019-7299-1.
Impermeable surfaces are getting larger in Turkey, as they are in most parts of the world as urban sprawl increases. The increase in impermeable surfaces leads to air pollution, floods, and overflows due to changes in urban landscapes and ecosystems. In order to prevent such damages, impermeable surfaces must be reduced by the means of urban afforestation. The main purpose of this study is to determine which areas are suitable for urban afforestation, and thus to improve the ecological conditions of the city. Accordingly, the study adopts a method that takes urban density into account. Satellite image classification, canopy measurement and determination of potential afforestation areas have been performed within the boundaries of Bartın Municipality. The IKONOS satellite images have been taken as a base for the study, which has been carried out via ENVI, GIS, and SPSS techniques and Tree Canopy Cover. By excluding the too-small spaces within the study area, as well as the ones too close to infrastructural facilities, I have been able to identify potential planting areas using GIS-based decision-making mechanisms. The existing trees and other plant covers have been noted in order to plan the potential plant cover.Considering the locational suitability of the planting areas and the canopy of the trees, the planting areas have been set out using three grid types: 15 × 15 m (large tree), 10 × 10 m (medium tree), and 5 × 5 m (small tree). A total of 29,773 potential trees have been planned for. After corrections, the potential canopy cover has been calculated to be 0.71 km. Of the potential trees, 93.34% are small, 5.23% are medium, and 1.43% are large trees. If the potential planting areas determined in this study are forested as calculated, the canopy in Bartın city will increase by approximately 2%. In the city, where impermeable surface areas have expanded because of rapid urban sprawl, this new increase will make an important contribution to the improvement of the city's ecosystem.
不透水表面在土耳其变得越来越大，就像世界上大多数地区随着城市扩张而增加一样。不透水表面的增加导致了空气污染、洪水和城市景观和生态系统变化引起的溢洪。为了防止这种损害，必须通过城市造林来减少不透水表面。本研究的主要目的是确定哪些区域适合城市造林，从而改善城市的生态条件。因此，该研究采用了一种考虑城市密度的方法。在 Bartın 市范围内进行了卫星图像分类、树冠测量和潜在造林区的确定。该研究以 IKONOS 卫星图像为基础，采用 ENVI、GIS 和 SPSS 技术以及 Tree Canopy Cover。通过排除研究区域内太小的空间以及离基础设施太近的空间，我能够使用基于 GIS 的决策机制来识别潜在的种植区域。为了规划潜在的植被覆盖，记录了现有的树木和其他植物覆盖物。考虑到种植区域的位置适宜性和树木的树冠，使用三种网格类型（15×15m（大树）、10×10m（中树）和 5×5m（小树））规划了种植区域。总共规划了 29773 棵潜在的树木。经过修正，潜在的树冠覆盖率计算为 0.71km。在潜在的树木中，93.34%是小树，5.23%是中树，1.43%是大树。如果按照本研究确定的潜在种植区域进行造林，Bartın 市的树冠将增加约 2%。在城市中，由于快速的城市扩张，不透水表面已经扩大，这种新的增加将对改善城市生态系统做出重要贡献。
