School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Apr;26(10):10219-10229. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-04476-9. Epub 2019 Feb 13.
Freshwater lakes provide critical ecological services to the local ecosystem. However, many of them are facing serious challenges, such as ecosystem degradation and water contamination, due to irrational water utilization and a lack of effective management. Under such a circumstance, it is crucial to examine the ecosystem services of freshwater lakes and uncover the driving forces so that appropriate protection policies can be raised. This study aims to fill such a research gap by employing an emergy accounting method. A case study of Erhai Lake (the second largest freshwater lake in Yunnan province, southwest China) was conducted for the period of 2001-2015. Driving forces that affect ecosystem services were analyzed by using Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI). Results show that the total ecosystem services of Erhai Lake were reduced from 334.03E + 18 sej in 2001 to 274.37E + 18 sej in 2015. This was caused by the obvious decline of regulating services and supporting services, far exceeding the increase of provisioning services and cultural services. In 2015, two types of increased services that benefit human life in the market became the primary services of Erhai Lake. And their proportions were far beyond the two reduced ones that were overlooked due to their public and free attributes. The key driving forces include economic scale factor (∆E), the fast and intensive economic activities. This development was at the cost of environmental degradation based upon the analysis of emergy benefit factor (∆E). Finally, several suggestions are presented. This study provides valuable insights to understand ecosystem services of freshwater lakes so that a sustainable development pathway can be found to protect such freshwater lakes.
淡水湖泊为当地生态系统提供了至关重要的生态服务。然而，由于不合理的水资源利用和缺乏有效的管理，许多湖泊正面临着生态系统退化和水污染等严重挑战。在这种情况下，检查淡水湖泊的生态系统服务并揭示驱动因素至关重要，以便提出适当的保护政策。本研究旨在通过使用能值会计方法填补这一研究空白。本研究以中国西南云南省第二大淡水湖泊洱海为例，对 2001-2015 年期间的生态系统服务进行了案例研究。利用对数平均迪氏指数（LMDI）分析了影响生态系统服务的驱动因素。结果表明，洱海的总生态系统服务从 2001 年的 334.03E+18 sej 减少到 2015 年的 274.37E+18 sej。这是由于调节服务和支撑服务的明显下降，远远超过了供应服务和文化服务的增加。2015 年，两种有益于人类生活的市场增值服务成为洱海的主要服务。并且它们的比例远远超过了由于其公共和免费属性而被忽视的两种减少的服务。关键的驱动因素包括经济规模因素（∆E）和快速密集的经济活动。根据能值效益因素（∆E）的分析，这种发展是以环境恶化为代价的。最后提出了几点建议。本研究为了解淡水湖泊的生态系统服务提供了有价值的见解，以便找到保护这些淡水湖泊的可持续发展途径。
