Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, Research Center on Health and Environment (RENSMA), 21007 Huelva, Spain.
Pneumology Area of Juan Ramón Jiménez Hospital, 21005 Huelva, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Feb 12;20(3):778. doi: 10.3390/ijms20030778.
Carcinogenesis is a very complex process in which metals have been found to be critically involved. In this sense, a disturbed redox status and metal dyshomeostasis take place during the onset and progression of cancer, and it is well-known that trace elements participate in the activation or inhibition of enzymatic reactions and metalloproteins, in which they usually participate as cofactors. Until now, the role of metals in cancer have been studied as an effect, establishing that cancer onset and progression affects the disturbance of the natural chemical form of the essential elements in the metabolism. However, it has also been studied as a cause, giving insights related to the high exposure of metals giving a place to the carcinogenic process. On the other hand, the chemical species of the metal or metallobiomolecule is very important, since it finally affects the biological activity or the toxicological potential of the element and their mobility across different biological compartments. Moreover, the importance of metal homeostasis and metals interactions in biology has also been demonstrated, and the ratios between some elements were found to be different in cancer patients; however, the interplay of elements is rarely reported. This review focuses on the critical role of metals in lung cancer, which is one of the most insidious forms of cancer, with special attention to the analytical approaches and pitfalls to extract metals and their species from tissues and biofluids, determining the ratios of metals, obtaining classification profiles, and finally defining the metallome of lung cancer.
致癌作用是一个非常复杂的过程，其中金属被发现起着至关重要的作用。从这个意义上说，在癌症的发生和发展过程中，氧化还原状态和金属动态平衡会受到干扰，众所周知，微量元素参与酶反应和金属蛋白的激活或抑制，通常作为辅助因子参与其中。到目前为止，金属在癌症中的作用一直被作为一种影响来研究，确定癌症的发生和发展会影响代谢中必需元素的自然化学形态的紊乱。然而，它也被作为一种原因来研究，深入了解金属的高暴露会引发致癌过程。另一方面，金属或金属生物分子的化学物质非常重要，因为它最终会影响元素的生物活性或毒理学潜力及其在不同生物区室之间的迁移能力。此外，还证明了金属动态平衡和金属相互作用在生物学中的重要性，并且发现癌症患者体内的一些元素比例不同；然而，元素之间的相互作用很少被报道。这篇综述重点关注金属在肺癌中的关键作用，肺癌是最阴险的癌症形式之一，特别关注从组织和生物流体中提取金属及其形态的分析方法和陷阱，确定金属的比例，获得分类分布，并最终定义肺癌的金属组。
