Almela Ramón M, Ansón Agustina
Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
Vet Sci. 2019 Feb 12;6(1):15. doi: 10.3390/vetsci6010015.
In dogs, melanomas are relatively common tumors and the most common form of oral malignancy. Biological behavior is highly variable, usually aggressive, and frequently metastatic, with reported survival times of three months for oral or mucosal melanomas in advanced disease stages. Classical clinical management remains challenging; thus, novel and more efficacious treatment strategies are needed. Evidence-based medicine supports the role of the immune system to treat neoplastic diseases. Besides, immunotherapy offers the possibility of a precise medicinal approach to treat cancer. In recent years, multiple immunotherapeutic strategies have been developed, and are now recognized as a pillar of treatment. In addition, dogs represent a good model for translational medicine purposes. This review will cover the most relevant immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of canine malignant melanoma, divided among five different categories, namely, monoclonal antibodies, nonspecific immunotherapy activated by bacteria, vaccines, gene therapy, and lymphokine-activated killer cell therapy.
在犬类中，黑色素瘤是相对常见的肿瘤，也是口腔恶性肿瘤最常见的形式。其生物学行为高度可变，通常具有侵袭性，且常发生转移，据报道，晚期疾病阶段的口腔或黏膜黑色素瘤的存活时间为三个月。传统的临床管理仍然具有挑战性；因此，需要新颖且更有效的治疗策略。循证医学支持免疫系统在治疗肿瘤性疾病中的作用。此外，免疫疗法为治疗癌症提供了精确的药物治疗方法的可能性。近年来，多种免疫治疗策略已被开发出来，现在被公认为治疗的支柱。此外，犬类是转化医学的良好模型。本综述将涵盖治疗犬恶性黑色素瘤最相关的免疫治疗策略，分为五个不同类别，即单克隆抗体、由细菌激活的非特异性免疫疗法、疫苗、基因疗法和淋巴因子激活的杀伤细胞疗法。
