Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
J Leukoc Biol. 2019 Jul;106(1):209-218. doi: 10.1002/JLB.4MR1118-419R. Epub 2019 Feb 14.
In the healthy brain, microglia and other CNS macrophages are the most abundant immune cell type. Thus, they form the natural immune cell interface with streptococci, which are the leading cause of bacterial meningitis and encephalitis in infants and young children. In homeostasis, the blood-brain barrier allows for very limited access of immune cells circulating in the periphery. During bacterial meningoencephalitis, however, origin and fate of CNS macrophages are massively altered. This review summarizes the emerging knowledge on the sequence of reciprocal events between streptococci and CNS macrophages leading to host resistance, acute inflammation, changes in resident innate immune cells of the brain, and long-term neuronal damage.
在健康的大脑中，小胶质细胞和其他中枢神经系统巨噬细胞是最丰富的免疫细胞类型。因此，它们与链球菌形成了天然的免疫细胞界面，而链球菌是导致婴幼儿细菌性脑膜炎和脑炎的主要原因。在体内平衡状态下，血脑屏障限制了外周循环中免疫细胞的有限进入。然而，在细菌性脑膜脑炎中，中枢神经系统巨噬细胞的起源和命运发生了巨大改变。本综述总结了链球菌与中枢神经系统巨噬细胞之间相互作用的一系列事件的最新知识，这些事件导致了宿主的抵抗、急性炎症、脑内固有免疫细胞的变化以及长期的神经元损伤。
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