Banks Russell E, Domínguez Delfina C
Communicative Sciences and Disorders Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
Clinical Laboratory Sciences/MPH Programs, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas.
Semin Speech Lang. 2019 Nov;40(5):333-343. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1679887. Epub 2019 Feb 14.
Concussion is a transitory brain injury resulting from a blow to the head. Concussion is considered a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), which is self-limited. Repetitive mTBI has been associated with chronic, progressive neurological damage. Extreme biochemical changes occur in neuron cells as a result of mTBI. These metabolic disturbances may reflect the symptoms observed in patients who had suffered concussions. However, it has been difficult to correlate clinical signs and symptoms. Currently, there are no laboratory tests to diagnose concussion, though several biomarkers are being investigated. Further studies are needed to elucidate the biochemical details of the metabolic cascade and the associated time frame, which will help determine when an athlete can safely return to the game.
脑震荡是由头部受到撞击引起的暂时性脑损伤。脑震荡被认为是一种轻度创伤性脑损伤（mTBI），具有自限性。重复性mTBI与慢性、进行性神经损伤有关。mTBI会导致神经元细胞发生极端的生化变化。这些代谢紊乱可能反映了脑震荡患者所观察到的症状。然而，一直难以将临床体征和症状联系起来。目前，尚无诊断脑震荡的实验室检测方法，不过有几种生物标志物正在研究中。需要进一步研究以阐明代谢级联反应的生化细节及相关时间框架，这将有助于确定运动员何时能够安全重返比赛。
