Peterson G L, Kosta K L, Glenn D L, Phillips J G
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702.
California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento 95814.
Plant Dis. 2008 Dec;92(12):1604-1610. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-92-12-1604.
Studies were conducted in Arizona to determine the efficacy of soil solarization for killing teliospores of the soilborne fungal wheat pathogen Tilletia indica. In a replicated study conducted in each of 3 years, T. indica teliospores and bunted wheat kernels were buried in a Karnal bunt-infested wheat field at depths of 5, 10, and 20 cm. Replicate samples were removed from under a clear plastic solarization cover at 7-day intervals and the number of viable teliospores determined. A rapid decline in teliospore viability occurred at all treatment depths over 38 days, with efficacy comparable with methyl bromide protocols using clear plastic sheeting. Initial viability rates of 43, 71, and 82% germination were reduced to 0.1, 7.7, and 0.2% after 38 days (across all depths) in 2003, 2005, and 2006, respectively. Mean daily maximum soil temperatures at 5 and 20 cm under clear plastic in 2003, 2005, and 2006 were 67, 53 and 60°C and 43, 38, and 43°C, respectively. Under current United States Department of Agriculture disease management strategies, the method may be useful for the rapid deregulation of Karnal bunt-affected fields.
在美国亚利桑那州开展了多项研究，以确定土壤太阳能消毒法对杀灭土壤传播的真菌性小麦病原菌印度腥黑粉菌冬孢子的效果。在连续3年每年进行的一项重复试验中，将印度腥黑粉菌冬孢子和患腥黑穗病的小麦粒埋入受印度腥黑穗病侵染的小麦田，深度分别为5厘米、10厘米和20厘米。每隔7天从透明塑料太阳能消毒覆盖物下取出重复样本，测定存活冬孢子的数量。在38天内，所有处理深度的冬孢子活力均迅速下降，其效果与使用透明塑料薄膜的溴甲烷处理方案相当。2003年、2005年和2006年，38天后（所有深度）的初始发芽率分别为43%、71%和82%，降至0.1%、7.7%和0.2%。2003年、2005年和2006年，透明塑料覆盖下5厘米和20厘米深处的日均最高土壤温度分别为67℃、53℃和60℃以及43℃、38℃和43℃。根据美国农业部目前的疾病管理策略，该方法可能有助于快速解除对受印度腥黑穗病影响田地的管制。
