Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
ICAR-Mahatma Gandhi Integrated Farming Research Institute, Piprakothi, Motihari, Bihar, 845429, India.
Mol Biol Rep. 2024 Jun 10;51(1):726. doi: 10.1007/s11033-024-09690-4.
Karnal bunt of wheat is an important quarantine disease, incited by Tilletia indica. It limits India's trade in wheat export. The teliospores are major source of inoculum to initiate and spread the Karnal bunt disease. The study aimed to identify the germination-related genes in the teliospores of T. indica.
The candidate genes in the teliospores germination were identified through the differential gene expression analysis with suitable bioinformatics analysis. Keeping in soil-borne nature of fungi, the teliospores of T. indica (2015 and 2018) were subjected to the qPCR analysis. 20 candidate genes were identified having role in germination of teliospores of T. indica. Twenty genes, viz. Ti9297 (9.31, 7.87-fold), Ti8696 (5.13, 6.54-fold), Ti7699 (8.9, 7.7-fold), Ti7858 (10.33, 6.21-fold), Ti7954 (7.46, 5.54-fold), Ti7739 (5.46, 6.46-fold), Ti9665 (10.74, 7.64-fold), Ti9335 (6.75, 4.36-fold), Ti8396 (9.35, 7.72-fold), Ti8126 (8.87, 11.31-fold), Ti7326 (6.04, 7.7-fold), Ti10208 (13.83, 5.81-fold), Ti12356 (7.83, 8.02-fold), Ti14271 (9.98, 6.32-fold), Ti9234 (11.2, 8.72-fold), Ti 8876 (6.47, 3.55-fold), Ti 10,606 (4.97, 2.35-fold), Ti7758 (10.33, 8.78-fold), Ti4692 (6.89, 9.88-fold), and Ti3932 (5.77, 4.5-fold) were found highly expressed in the germinating teliospores of 2015 and 2018, respectively. Eight genes (Ti508, Ti4152, Ti5346, Ti2375, Ti3739, Ti1134, Ti4399, and Ti4422) were downregulated in the germinating teliospores but these eight genes were showed higher expression in the dormant teliospores.
Twenty candidate genes were upregulated in the germinating teliospores are supposed to be involved in the process of germination. Eight genes were downregulated which were related to the process of the dormancy of teliospores. The study will be helpful to devise the newer management strategies for Karnal bunt disease of wheat.
小麦印度腥黑穗病是由腥黑粉菌（Tilletia indica）引起的重要检疫性病害，限制了印度的小麦出口贸易。厚垣孢子是引发和传播小麦印度腥黑穗病的主要接种体来源。本研究旨在鉴定腥黑粉菌厚垣孢子萌发相关基因。
通过合适的生物信息学分析，从差异基因表达分析中鉴定出与萌发相关的候选基因。鉴于真菌的土壤传播特性，对 2015 年和 2018 年的腥黑粉菌厚垣孢子进行 qPCR 分析。鉴定出 20 个参与腥黑粉菌厚垣孢子萌发的候选基因。Ti9297（9.31，7.87 倍）、Ti8696（5.13，6.54 倍）、Ti7699（8.9，7.7 倍）、Ti7858（10.33，6.21 倍）、Ti7954（7.46，5.54 倍）、Ti7739（5.46，6.46 倍）、Ti9665（10.74，7.64 倍）、Ti9335（6.75，4.36 倍）、Ti8396（9.35，7.72 倍）、Ti8126（8.87，11.31 倍）、Ti7326（6.04，7.7 倍）、Ti10208（13.83，5.81 倍）、Ti12356（7.83，8.02 倍）、Ti14271（9.98，6.32 倍）、Ti9234（11.2，8.72 倍）、Ti8876（6.47，3.55 倍）、Ti10606（4.97，2.35 倍）、Ti7758（10.33，8.78 倍）、Ti4692（6.89，9.88 倍）和 Ti3932（5.77，4.5 倍）在 2015 年和 2018 年的萌发厚垣孢子中表达量较高。8 个基因（Ti508、Ti4152、Ti5346、Ti2375、Ti3739、Ti1134、Ti4399 和 Ti4422）在萌发厚垣孢子中下调，但这些 8 个基因在休眠厚垣孢子中表达较高。
在萌发厚垣孢子中上调的 20 个候选基因可能参与萌发过程。下调的 8 个基因与厚垣孢子休眠过程有关。该研究将有助于制定小麦印度腥黑穗病的新管理策略。
