Mrinakova B, Ondrušová M, Švantnerová M, Ondruš D
Klin Onkol. 2019 Winter;32(1):31-39. doi: 10.14735/amko201931.
Penile cancer belongs to group of relatively rare malignancies. It represents, on average, 0.5-1% of all tumours in males globally and occurs predominantly in older individuals (> 65 years). The geographical distribution of malignant cancer of the penis is reported. A higher incidence is observed in less developed parts of the world, particularly in South America, Southeast Asia, and some areas of Africa (> 2.0/100,000). In Slovakia, there has been a recent increase in incidence (1.1/100,000 in 2011). Mortality has stabilized at 0.3/100,000 in recent years. Significant risk factors for malignant cancers include social and cultural habits and hygienic and religious practices. Important risk factors are inadequate hygiene of the foreskin sac, phimosis, human papillomavirus infection, sexual promiscuity, smoking, genital infections, and a low socio-economic and educational status.
The present paper provides an overview of pathology, symptomatology, diagnostic approaches, and classification of the extent of the disease. Treatment of the primary tumour depends on the extent of the disease and includes topical treatment, photodynamic treatment, cryoablation, laser photocoagulation, conservative surgical treatment, especially circumcision, and even radical treatment - penile amputation with perineal urethrostomy. An important part of the management of this malignancy is surgical treatment of metastases in inguinal lymph nodes. The article devotes more attention to non-surgical treatment modalities, in particular radiotherapy (external and brachytherapy) and systemic therapy (chemotherapy and biologic therapy), offering an overview of the indications and regimens in the adjuvant, neoadjuvant and palliative approaches, with and without concomitant chemoradiotherapy, and describes possible adverse effects of the treatments. Conclusion: Patients with penile cancer should be concentrated in centres that have abundant experience in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Key words penile cancer - surgical treatment - radiotherapy - chemotherapy - biologic therapy The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers. Submitted: 12. 11. 2018 Accepted: 12. 12. 2018.
阴茎癌属于相对罕见的恶性肿瘤。全球范围内，阴茎癌平均占男性所有肿瘤的0.5%-1%，主要发生于老年个体（>65岁）。阴茎恶性肿瘤的地理分布已有报道。在世界较不发达地区，尤其是南美洲、东南亚和非洲的一些地区（>2.0/10万），发病率较高。在斯洛伐克，近期发病率有所上升（2011年为1.1/10万）。近年来死亡率稳定在0.3/10万。阴茎恶性肿瘤的重要危险因素包括社会文化习惯、卫生和宗教习俗。重要危险因素有包皮囊卫生不良、包茎、人乳头瘤病毒感染、性乱交、吸烟、生殖器感染以及社会经济和教育水平低。
本文概述了阴茎癌的病理学、症状学、诊断方法及疾病范围分类。原发性肿瘤的治疗取决于疾病范围，包括局部治疗、光动力治疗、冷冻消融、激光光凝、保守手术治疗，尤其是包皮环切术，甚至根治性治疗——阴茎截肢术加会阴尿道造口术。该恶性肿瘤治疗的一个重要部分是腹股沟淋巴结转移灶的手术治疗。本文更多关注非手术治疗方式，特别是放疗（外照射和近距离放疗）和全身治疗（化疗和生物治疗），概述了辅助、新辅助和姑息治疗方法中的适应证和治疗方案，包括是否联合放化疗，并描述了治疗可能的不良反应。结论：阴茎癌患者应集中在对此疾病诊断和治疗有丰富经验的中心。关键词阴茎癌——手术治疗——放疗——化疗——生物治疗作者声明他们在研究中使用的药物、产品或服务方面不存在潜在利益冲突。编辑委员会声明该手稿符合ICMJE关于生物医学论文的推荐要求。提交日期：2018年11月12日接受日期：2
