Siddle D A, Bond N W
School of Behavioural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Biol Psychol. 1988 Oct;27(2):167-83. doi: 10.1016/0301-0511(88)90048-8.
This paper examines the role of Pavlovian conditioning in the acquisition, maintenance and elimination of human phobias. Because many conceptualizations of human fears and phobias are based on data from studies of avoidance learning in animals, we first review theories of avoidance. Our conclusion is that none of the extant theories provides an adequate account of avoidance learning, and we propose a model of avoidance that involves Pavlovian, but not instrumental learning. We then analyse critically arguments that Pavlovian conditioning plays only a small role in the aetiology of fears. Finally, the paper examines the implications of a conditioning model of avoidance for the study of human fears and phobias.
本文探讨了巴甫洛夫条件作用在人类恐惧症的形成、维持和消除过程中的作用。由于许多关于人类恐惧和恐惧症的概念是基于动物回避学习研究的数据，我们首先回顾回避理论。我们的结论是，现有的理论都不能充分解释回避学习，我们提出了一个回避模型，该模型涉及巴甫洛夫条件作用，但不涉及工具性学习。然后，我们批判性地分析了认为巴甫洛夫条件作用在恐惧病因学中只起很小作用的观点。最后，本文考察了回避条件作用模型对人类恐惧和恐惧症研究的启示。
