Center for Research on Health in Latin America (CISeAL).
Museum of Invertebrates, School of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
J Med Entomol. 2019 Apr 16;56(3):617-624. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjz004.
Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae). It is transmitted to humans primarily through contaminated feces of blood-sucking vectors of the subfamily Triatominae, known in Ecuador as 'chinchorros'. Some Triatominae species can adapt to domiciliary and peridomiciliary environments where T. cruzi can be transmitted to humans. Triatoma carrioni (Larrousse 1926) colonizes domestic and peridomestic habitats up to 2,242 m above sea level (masl) in southern Ecuador (Loja Province) and northern Peru. This study describes the life cycle, feeding, and defecation patterns of T. carrioni under controlled laboratory conditions using mice as hosts. Specimens were collected in Loja Province, Ecuador, and maintained in the laboratory. The life cycle was approximately 385.7 ± 110.6 d. There was a high mortality rate, 40.9% for first instars and 38.9% for fifth instars (NV). Feeding and defecation patterns for each life stage were examined by recording: insertion time of the proboscis into the host, total feeding time, time to first defecation, and weight of the bloodmeal. Total feeding time varied between 20.6 ± 11.4 min for first instars (NI) and 48.9 ± 19.0 min for adult females. The time to first defecation was variable but ranged from 9.8 ± 10.6 min for NI to 39.4 ± 24.7 min for NV during feeding. This suggests that T. carrioni has an annual life cycle and is a potential vector of T. cruzi in Loja Province. Improved knowledge of populations of T. carrioni in domestic and peridomestic environments of Ecuador can have a significant impact on the prevention and control of Chagas disease.
恰加斯病由克氏锥虫（动基体目：锥虫科）引起。它主要通过吸血的锥蝽亚科的受污染粪便传播给人类，在厄瓜多尔被称为“chinchorros”。一些锥蝽物种可以适应家庭和周边环境，克氏锥虫可以在这些环境中传播给人类。卡拉翁锥蝽（Larrousse 1926）在厄瓜多尔南部（洛哈省）和秘鲁北部海拔高达 2242 米的家庭和周边栖息地中定居。本研究在实验室条件下使用小鼠作为宿主，描述了 T. carrioni 的生命周期、取食和排粪模式。标本采集于厄瓜多尔洛哈省，并在实验室中保存。生命周期约为 385.7 ± 110.6 d。死亡率很高，第一龄幼虫为 40.9%，第五龄幼虫为 38.9%（NV）。通过记录以下内容来检查每个生命阶段的取食和排粪模式：口器插入宿主的时间、总取食时间、第一次排粪的时间和血餐的重量。第一龄幼虫（NI）的总取食时间为 20.6 ± 11.4 min，成年雌性为 48.9 ± 19.0 min。第一次排粪的时间是可变的，但范围从 9.8 ± 10.6 min（NI）到 39.4 ± 24.7 min（NV），在取食过程中。这表明 T. carrioni 具有年度生命周期，是洛哈省克氏锥虫的潜在传播媒介。对厄瓜多尔家庭和周边环境中 T. carrioni 种群的认识的提高，对恰加斯病的预防和控制将产生重大影响。
