Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture/University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Avenida Pádua Dias, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
Koppert of Brazil, Rod. Margarida Da Graça Martins, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
J Econ Entomol. 2019 May 22;112(3):1183-1189. doi: 10.1093/jee/toz024.
Lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) are part of the beneficial fauna found in citrus orchards under both organic and conventional pest management. Due to their importance, knowledge about susceptibility of these predators to insecticides is a key element for their use as biological control agents. We studied the inter- and intraspecific susceptibility of the following lacewing species to bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, and imidacloprid: Ceraeochrysa cincta (Schneider) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen), Ceraeochrysa paraguaria (Navás), and Chrysoperla externa (Hagen). Different concentrations of these insecticides were sprayed on first instar larvae of these lacewing species from six orchards (three organic and three conventional), and LC50s were estimated. Development and reproduction of the most common lacewing, C. cincta, from both organic and conventional management systems were also studied. Lacewings from conventional management areas do not always have greater tolerance to insecticides. Chrysoperla externa was the most susceptible species to insecticides. Ceraeochrysa cincta displayed the highest LC50 and its populations from the conventional system showed lower egg hatching but shorter egg and larval developmental time. Adults collected from orchards managed conventionally lived longer, exhibited a higher population growth rate and a reduced doubling time. Ceraeochrysa cincta was the more tolerant species to insecticides better coping with systems that rely on chemical control as the main pest management tactic used.
草蛉（Neuroptera：Chrysopidae）是有机和常规病虫害管理下柑橘园中有益动物区系的一部分。由于其重要性，了解这些捕食者对杀虫剂的敏感性是将其用作生物防治剂的关键要素。我们研究了以下草蛉物种对功夫菊酯，毒死蜱和吡虫啉的种间和种内敏感性：带色草蛉（Neuroptera：Chrysopidae），古巴草蛉（Ceraeochrysa cubana）（Hagen），巴拉圭草蛉（Ceraeochrysa paraguaria）（Navás）和绿眼草蛉（Chrysoperla externa）（Hagen）。从六个果园（三个有机和三个常规）的第一龄幼虫上喷洒了不同浓度的这些杀虫剂，并估计了 LC50。还研究了来自有机和常规管理系统的最常见草蛉，带色草蛉（C. cincta）的发育和繁殖。来自常规管理区的草蛉并不总是对杀虫剂具有更大的耐受性。绿眼草蛉对杀虫剂最敏感。带色草蛉（C. cincta）表现出最高的 LC50，其种群从常规系统中表现出较低的卵孵化率，但卵和幼虫发育时间较短。从常规管理果园中收集的成虫寿命更长，种群增长率更高，倍增时间更短。带色草蛉（C. cincta）是对杀虫剂更具耐受性的物种，能够更好地应对依赖化学控制作为主要病虫害管理策略的系统。
