Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK; Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London, London, UK; Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA.
Department of Neuroscience University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG) and the Groningen NeuroImaging Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2019 Apr;99:90-100. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.02.004. Epub 2019 Feb 12.
Over the last three decades there has been an accumulation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies reporting that aberrant functional networks may underlie cognitive deficits and other symptoms across a range of psychiatric diagnoses. The use of pharmacological MRI and H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H-MRS) has allowed researchers to investigate how changes in network dynamics are related to perturbed excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in individuals with psychiatric conditions. More recently, changes in functional network dynamics and excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) neurotransmission have been linked to early childhood trauma, a major antecedents for psychiatric illness in adulthood. Here we review studies investigating whether perturbed network dynamics seen across psychiatric conditions are related to changes in E/I neurotransmission, and whether such changes could be linked to childhood trauma. Whilst there is currently a paucity of studies relating early traumatic experiences to altered E/I balance and network function, the research discussed here lead towards a plausible mechanistic hypothesis, linking early traumatic experiences to cognitive dysfunction and symptoms mediated by E/I neurotransmitter imbalances.
在过去的三十年中，积累了大量磁共振成像（MRI）研究报告，指出异常的功能网络可能是一系列精神诊断中认知缺陷和其他症状的基础。药理学 MRI 和 H-磁共振波谱（H-MRS）的使用使研究人员能够研究网络动力学的变化如何与精神状况个体中兴奋和抑制性神经递质传递的紊乱相关。最近，功能网络动力学和兴奋/抑制（E/I）神经递质传递的变化与儿童期创伤有关，这是成年期精神疾病的主要前兆。在这里，我们回顾了研究是否表明跨精神疾病的紊乱网络动力学与 E/I 神经递质传递的变化有关，以及这种变化是否与儿童期创伤有关。虽然目前很少有研究将早期创伤经历与 E/I 平衡和网络功能的改变联系起来，但这里讨论的研究提出了一个合理的机制假设，将早期创伤经历与 E/I 神经递质失衡介导的认知功能障碍和症状联系起来。
