University of California, Berkeley, United States.
University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Nutrition Policy Institute, United States.
Contemp Clin Trials. 2019 Mar;78:133-139. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2019.01.013. Epub 2019 Feb 13.
In the United States, the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) is the healthiest lunch option for students, yet participation is suboptimal and fruit and vegetable waste remains high. Improving school meal convenience, engaging teachers in the school-lunch program, and enhancing the cafeteria environment are promising strategies to improve participation and dietary intake, yet little evidence is available on their impact.
METHODS/DESIGN: The Multi-Pronged Intervention to Increase Secondary Student Participation in School Lunch (MPI) is a 3-year quasi-experimental study in a large urban school district in California. A total of 24 middle and high schools participated in the study: half received the intervention and half served as controls. The intervention consisted of additional school lunch points of sale (vending machines and mobile carts), a school meal outreach program for teachers, and cafeteria redesigns. School meal participation, student-reported fruit and vegetable consumption, and school lunch plate waste were assessed at baseline and in years 1 and 2 of the intervention. Change in meal participation and fruit and vegetable consumption were compared between intervention and control arms to determine the impact of the intervention on school meal participation and dietary intake.
This study is positioned to provide evidence on the feasibility and efficacy of a multi-level intervention to increase school meal participation and consumption of fruits and vegetables.
在美国，国家学校午餐计划（NSLP）是学生最健康的午餐选择，但参与度不理想，水果和蔬菜的浪费仍然很高。提高学校膳食的便利性、让教师参与学校午餐计划以及改善自助餐厅环境是提高参与度和饮食摄入量的有前途的策略，但关于其影响的证据很少。
方法/设计：增加中学生参与学校午餐的多管齐下干预措施（MPI）是在加利福尼亚州一个大型城市学区进行的为期 3 年的准实验研究。共有 24 所中学参与了这项研究：一半接受了干预，另一半作为对照组。干预措施包括增加学校午餐销售点（自动售货机和移动推车）、针对教师的学校膳食推广计划以及自助餐厅重新设计。在基线以及干预的第 1 年和第 2 年，评估了学校膳食参与度、学生报告的水果和蔬菜消费情况以及学校午餐餐盘浪费情况。比较干预组和对照组之间的膳食参与度和水果及蔬菜摄入量的变化，以确定干预措施对学校膳食参与度和饮食摄入量的影响。
这项研究有望为增加学校膳食参与度和增加水果和蔬菜摄入量的多层次干预措施的可行性和有效性提供证据。
