Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, United States.
Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, United States.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2019 Aug;57:46-53. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2019.01.001. Epub 2019 Feb 12.
Dopamine controls motor functions, motivation, and reward-related learning through G-protein coupled receptor signaling. The current working model is that upon release, dopamine diffuses to influence many target cells via wide-spread receptors. Recent studies, however, suggest that dopamine release is fast and generates small signaling hotspots. In this review, we summarize progress on the understanding of the dopamine release apparatus and evaluate how its properties may shape dopamine signaling during firing. We discuss how mechanisms of regulation may act through this machinery and propose that striatal architecture for dopamine signaling may have evolved to support rapid dopamine coding.
多巴胺通过 G 蛋白偶联受体信号来控制运动功能、动机和与奖励相关的学习。目前的工作模型是，多巴胺释放后会通过广泛分布的受体扩散到许多靶细胞，从而产生影响。然而，最近的研究表明，多巴胺的释放是快速的，并产生小的信号热点。在这篇综述中，我们总结了对多巴胺释放装置的理解进展，并评估了其特性如何在放电过程中塑造多巴胺信号。我们讨论了调节机制如何通过这种机制发挥作用，并提出纹状体的多巴胺信号结构可能是为了支持快速多巴胺编码而进化的。
