Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 May 10;664:958-967. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.052. Epub 2019 Feb 4.
Chemical contaminants have been found in the tissues of sea turtles from all over the world; however, very little is known about the effects. Recently, in vitro alternatives to live animal testing have been applied to sea turtles due to their ethical and practical benefits. While primary skin fibroblasts have been established for several species of sea turtle, cells from internal organs are lacking, though they may be more relevant due to the well documented accumulation of contaminants within internal tissues. This study established primary cell cultures from the small intestine, heart, liver, ovary and skin of green turtles (Chelonia mydas). Cells were exposed to ten contaminants typically found in sea turtles to examine potential variations in sensitivity among cells established from different organs. Differences between cells established from different animals were also examined, including a comparison of cells established from a turtle with fibropapillomatosis (FP) and healthy turtles. Loggerhead (Caretta caretta) primary skin cells were also included for species comparisons. Significant differences were found between the organ types, with liver and heart being the least sensitive, and skin being the most sensitive. Overall, variation between the organ types was low. Primary skin fibroblasts may be a suitable and representative cell type for in vitro turtle toxicology research, as it is relatively easy to obtain from healthy live animals. Skin cultures provide a more sensitive indication of effect, and could be used as an early warning of the potential effects of chemical contamination. Some species differences were found but no differences were found between cell cultures from an FP turtle and healthy turtles. When EC values were compared to accumulation values from the literature, inorganic contaminants, such as Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Cu were identified as posing a potential risk to sea turtle populations around the world.
化学污染物已在来自世界各地的海龟组织中被发现；然而，对于其影响却知之甚少。由于具有伦理和实际意义，最近，替代活体动物测试的体外方法已被应用于海龟。虽然已经为几种海龟建立了原代皮肤成纤维细胞，但缺乏来自内部器官的细胞，尽管由于内部组织中污染物的大量积累，这些细胞可能更相关。本研究从绿海龟（Chelonia mydas）的小肠、心脏、肝脏、卵巢和皮肤中建立了原代细胞培养物。将细胞暴露于十种通常在海龟中发现的污染物中，以检查来自不同器官的细胞建立时潜在的敏感性差异。还检查了来自不同动物的细胞之间的差异，包括对患有纤维瘤病（FP）和健康海龟的细胞进行比较。还包括了红海龟（Caretta caretta）原代皮肤细胞用于物种比较。不同器官类型之间存在显著差异，肝脏和心脏的敏感性最低，皮肤的敏感性最高。总体而言，器官类型之间的差异很小。原代皮肤成纤维细胞可能是海龟体外毒理学研究的合适和有代表性的细胞类型，因为它相对容易从健康的活体动物中获得。皮肤培养物提供了对效应的更敏感指示，可用于化学污染潜在影响的早期预警。虽然发现了一些物种差异，但在 FP 海龟和健康海龟的细胞培养物之间未发现差异。当将 EC 值与文献中的积累值进行比较时，发现无机污染物，如 Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg 和 Cu，对全世界的海龟种群构成潜在风险。
