Powdery Mildew Caused by Golovinomyces cichoracearum on Paris Daisy (Argyranthemum frutescens) in Italy.

Paris daisy (Argyranthemum frutescens), also known as Marguerite daisy, is an economically important crop in the Riviera Ligure (northern Italy) where approximately 18 million potted plants per year are produced for export. During the fall and winter of 2007, Paris daisy 'Bright Carmen' plants, started in a greenhouse and growing outside in a commercial nursery at Albenga, showed a previously unknown powdery mildew. Young stems, particularly in the interior portions of the plant, were covered with a white mycelium. As the disease progressed, leaves became covered with the mycelium, resulting in smaller, chlorotic leaves. Conidia were hyaline, cylindrical, borne in chains (two to three conidia per chain) and measured 30 × 12 μm (20 to 34 × 10 to 15 μm). Conidia were generated by conidiophores represented by a foot cell measuring 55 to 101 × 11 to 12 μm followed by two shorter cells measuring 19 to 29 × 11 to 14 and 24 to 33 × 12 to 14 μm. Fibrosin bodies were absent. Chasmothecia were not observed in the collected samples. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified using primers ITS4/ITS6 and sequenced. BLASTn analysis (1) of the 441 bp showed a 100% homology with the sequence of Golovinomyces cichoracearum (= Erysiphe cichoracearum) (3). The nucleotide sequence has been assigned GenBank Accession No. EU486992. Pathogenicity was confirmed through inoculation by gently pressing diseased leaves onto leaves of healthy Paris daisy plants of cvs. Blazer Rose, Bright Carmine, Cherry Harmony, Crowned Rose, Fulvia, Sole Mio, Stella 2000, Summit Pink, and Sun Light. Three plants per cultivar were inoculated, while the same number served as noninoculated controls. The pathogenicity test was carried out twice. Plants were maintained in a greenhouse at temperatures ranging from 15 to 21°C. Fifteen days after inoculation, typical symptoms of powdery mildew developed on inoculated plants of all cultivars, with the exception of Stella 2000. The fungus observed on inoculated plants was morphologically identical to that originally observed. Noninoculated plants did not show symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the first report of powdery mildew on A. frutescens in Italy. G. cichoracearum has been reported on Chrysanthemum frutescens in Switzerland (2). The economic impact of this disease is limited but can easily increase because of the intensive cultivation of this crop. The availability of resistant or partially resistant cultivars will help reduce the impact of this new disease. Voucher specimens are available at the AGROINNOVA Collection, University of Torino. References: (1) S. F. Altschul et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389, 1997. (2) A. Bolay, Cryptogam. Helv. 20:1, 2005. (3) U. Braun and S. Takamatsu. Schlechtendalia 4:1, 2000.