First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Golovinomyces cichoracearum on English Daisy (Bellis perennis) in Italy.

Bellis perennis (English daisy) is a flowering plant belonging to the Asteraceae and is increasingly grown as a potted plant in Liguria (northern Italy). In February 2007, severe outbreaks of a previously unknown powdery mildew were observed on plants in commercial farms at Albenga (northern Italy). Both surfaces of leaves of affected plants were covered with white mycelia and conidia. As the disease progressed, infected leaves turned yellow. Mycelia and conidia also were observed on stems and flower calyxes. Conidia were hyaline, ellipsoid, borne in chains (as many as three conidia per chain), and measured 27.7 × 16.9 (15.0 to 45.0 × 10.0 to 30.0) μm. Conidiophores measured 114.0 × 12.0 (109.0 to 117.0 × 11.0 to 13.0) μm and showed a foot cell measuring 78.0 × 11.0 (72.0 to 80.0 × 11.0 to 12.0) μm followed by two shorter cells. Fibrosin bodies were absent. Chasmothecia were not observed in the collected samples. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified using primers ITS4/ITS6 and sequenced. BLASTn analysis (1) of the 415 bp obtained showed an E-value of 7e with Golovinomyces cichoracearum (3). The nucleotide sequence has been assigned the GenBank Accession No. AB077627.1 Pathogenicity was confirmed through inoculations by gently pressing diseased leaves onto leaves of healthy B. perennis plants. Twenty plants were inoculated. Fifteen noninoculated plants served as a control. Plants were maintained in a greenhouse at temperatures ranging from 10 to 30°C. Seven days after inoculation, typical symptoms of powdery mildew developed on inoculated plants. The fungus observed on inoculated plants was morphologically identical to that originally observed. Noninoculated plants did not show symptoms. The pathogenicity test was carried out twice. To our knowledge, this is the first report of powdery mildew on B. perennis in Italy. The disease was already reported in other European countries (2). Voucher specimens are available at the AGROINNOVA Collection, University of Torino. References: (1) S. F. Altschul et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389, 1997. (2) U. Braun The Powdery Mildews (Erysiphales) of Europe. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, Germany, 1995. (3) U. Braun and S. Takamatsu. Schlechtendalia 4:1, 2000.