College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
Toxins (Basel). 2019 Feb 15;11(2):118. doi: 10.3390/toxins11020118.
Applications of beneficial secondary metabolites produced by () could be greatly limited for citrinin, a kidney toxin. The link of NaCl with cell growth and secondary metabolites in was analyzed with supplementations of different concentrations of NaCl in medium. The content of citrinin was reduced by 48.0% but the yellow, orange, red pigments and monacolin K productions were enhanced by 1.7, 1.4, 1.4 and 1.4 times, respectively, compared with those in the control using NaCl at 0.02 M at the 10th day of cultivation. NaCl didn't affect the cell growth of . This was verified through the transcriptional up-regulation of citrinin synthesis genes ( and ) and the down-regulation of the pigments (MPs) synthesis genes ( and ). Moreover, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were promoted by NaCl at the 2nd day of cultivation, and then inhibited remarkably with the extension of fermentation time. Meanwhile, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and the contents of total glutathione (T-GSH) were significantly enhanced in the middle and late stages of cultivation. The inhibition effect on colony size and the growth of aerial mycelia was more obvious with an increased NaCl concentration. Acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP and AKP) activities dramatically increased in NaCl treatments. NaCl could participate in secondary metabolites synthesis and cell growth in .
（）产生的有益次生代谢产物的应用可能会因桔青霉素而受到极大限制，桔青霉素是一种肾脏毒素。通过在培养基中添加不同浓度的 NaCl 分析了 NaCl 与细胞生长和次生代谢物的关系。与对照相比，在第 10 天培养时，使用 0.02 M 的 NaCl 可以将桔青霉素的含量降低 48.0%，同时将黄色、橙色、红色色素和 monacolin K 的产量分别提高 1.7、1.4、1.4 和 1.4 倍。NaCl 不影响 的细胞生长。这是通过桔青霉素合成基因（和）的转录上调和色素（MPs）合成基因（和）的下调来验证的。此外，NaCl 在培养的第 2 天促进了活性氧（ROS）水平，然后随着发酵时间的延长，ROS 水平显著抑制。同时，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性以及总谷胱甘肽（T-GSH）的含量在培养的中后期显著提高。随着 NaCl 浓度的增加，对菌落大小和气生菌丝生长的抑制作用更加明显。在 NaCl 处理中，酸性和碱性磷酸酶（ACP 和 AKP）的活性显著增加。NaCl 可以参与 的次生代谢物合成和细胞生长。
