Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Royal Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Australia.
Clin Neurophysiol. 2019 May;130(5):802-844. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.01.001. Epub 2019 Jan 19.
Concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) has emerged as a powerful tool to non-invasively probe brain circuits in humans, allowing for the assessment of several cortical properties such as excitability and connectivity. Over the past decade, this technique has been applied to various clinical populations, enabling the characterization and development of potential TMS-EEG predictors and markers of treatments and of the pathophysiology of brain disorders. The objective of this article is to present a comprehensive review of studies that have used TMS-EEG in clinical populations and to discuss potential clinical applications. To provide a technical and theoretical framework, we first give an overview of TMS-EEG methodology and discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the use of TMS-EEG to assess excitability, inhibition, plasticity and connectivity following neuromodulatory techniques in the healthy brain. We then review the insights afforded by TMS-EEG into the pathophysiology and predictors of treatment response in psychiatric and neurological conditions, before presenting recommendations for how to address some of the salient challenges faced in clinical TMS-EEG research. Finally, we conclude by presenting future directions in line with the tremendous potential of TMS-EEG as a clinical tool.
同时进行经颅磁刺激和脑电图（TMS-EEG）已经成为一种强大的工具，可以非侵入性地探测人类大脑回路，评估皮质兴奋性和连通性等多种皮质特性。在过去的十年中，这项技术已应用于各种临床人群，使潜在的 TMS-EEG 预测因子和治疗标志物以及大脑疾病的病理生理学特征的表征和发展成为可能。本文的目的是对在临床人群中使用 TMS-EEG 的研究进行全面综述，并讨论其潜在的临床应用。为了提供技术和理论框架，我们首先概述了 TMS-EEG 方法，并讨论了目前关于使用 TMS-EEG 评估健康大脑中神经调节技术后兴奋性、抑制性、可塑性和连通性的知识现状。然后，我们回顾了 TMS-EEG 在精神和神经疾病的病理生理学和治疗反应预测因子方面提供的见解，然后提出了如何解决临床 TMS-EEG 研究中面临的一些突出挑战的建议。最后，我们按照 TMS-EEG 作为临床工具的巨大潜力，提出了未来的发展方向。
