Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2019 May;4(5):472-483. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.11.014. Epub 2018 Dec 20.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder, putatively induced by dissociable dysfunctional biobehavioral pathways. Here, we present a proof-of-concept study to parse ADHD-related heterogeneity in its underlying neurobiology by investigating functional connectivity across multiple brain networks to 1) disentangle categorical diagnosis-related effects from dimensional behavior-related effects and 2) functionally map these neural correlates to neurocognitive measures.
We identified functional connectivity abnormalities related to ADHD across 14 networks within a large resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset (n = 409; age = 17.5 ± 3.3 years). We tested these abnormalities for their association with the categorical ADHD diagnosis and with dimensional inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity scores using a novel modeling framework, creating orthogonalized models. Next, we evaluated the relationship of these findings with neurocognitive measures (working memory, response inhibition, reaction time variability, reward sensitivity).
Within the default mode network, we mainly observed categorical ADHD-related functional connectivity abnormalities, unrelated to neurocognitive measures. Clusters within the visual networks primarily related to dimensional scores of inattention and reaction time variability, while findings within the sensorimotor networks were mainly linked to hyperactivity/impulsivity and both reward sensitivity and working memory. Findings within the cerebellum network and salience network related to both categorical and dimensional ADHD measures and were linked to response inhibition and reaction time variability.
This proof-of-concept study identified ADHD-related neural correlates across multiple functional networks, showing distinct categorical and dimensional mechanisms and their links to neurocognitive functioning.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种异质性神经发育障碍，推测由可分离的功能失调的生物行为途径引起。在这里，我们进行了一项概念验证研究，通过研究多个大脑网络的功能连接，来解析 ADHD 相关的神经生物学异质性，以 1）将与类别诊断相关的效应与与维度行为相关的效应区分开来，2）将这些神经相关性功能映射到神经认知测量上。
我们在一个大型静息态功能磁共振成像数据集（n=409；年龄=17.5±3.3 岁）中确定了与 ADHD 相关的 14 个网络的功能连接异常。我们使用一种新的建模框架，创建了正交化模型，来测试这些异常与类别 ADHD 诊断以及维度注意力不集中和多动/冲动评分的相关性。接下来，我们评估了这些发现与神经认知测量（工作记忆、反应抑制、反应时变异性、奖励敏感性）之间的关系。
在默认模式网络中，我们主要观察到与类别 ADHD 相关的功能连接异常，与神经认知测量无关。视觉网络内的聚类主要与注意力不集中和反应时变异性的维度评分相关，而感觉运动网络内的发现主要与多动/冲动以及奖励敏感性和工作记忆相关。小脑网络和突显网络内的发现与类别和维度 ADHD 测量均相关，与反应抑制和反应时变异性相关。
这项概念验证研究确定了 ADHD 相关的多个功能网络中的神经相关性，显示了不同的类别和维度机制及其与神经认知功能的联系。
