Paraskevoudi Nadia, Pezaris John S
Brainlab - Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Front Syst Neurosci. 2019 Feb 1;12:73. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2018.00073. eCollection 2018.
Despite appearing automatic and effortless, perceiving the visual world is a highly complex process that depends on intact visual and oculomotor function. Understanding the mechanisms underlying spatial updating (i.e., gaze contingency) represents an important, yet unresolved issue in the fields of visual perception and cognitive neuroscience. Many questions regarding the processes involved in updating visual information as a function of the movements of the eyes are still open for research. Beyond its importance for basic research, gaze contingency represents a challenge for visual prosthetics as well. While most artificial vision studies acknowledge its importance in providing accurate visual percepts to the blind implanted patients, the majority of the current devices do not compensate for gaze position. To-date, artificial percepts to the blind population have been provided either by intraocular light-sensing circuitry or by using external cameras. While the former commonly accounts for gaze shifts, the latter requires the use of eye-tracking or similar technology in order to deliver percepts based on gaze position. Inspired by the need to overcome the hurdle of gaze contingency in artificial vision, we aim to provide a thorough overview of the research addressing the neural underpinnings of eye compensation, as well as its relevance in visual prosthetics. The present review outlines what is currently known about the mechanisms underlying spatial updating and reviews the attempts of current visual prosthetic devices to overcome the hurdle of gaze contingency. We discuss the limitations of the current devices and highlight the need to use eye-tracking methodology in order to introduce gaze-contingent information to visual prosthetics.
尽管感知视觉世界看似是一个自动且毫不费力的过程，但它却是一个高度复杂的过程，依赖于完整的视觉和眼球运动功能。理解空间更新（即注视偶联）背后的机制是视觉感知和认知神经科学领域一个重要但尚未解决的问题。许多关于随着眼睛运动更新视觉信息所涉及过程的问题仍有待研究。除了对基础研究的重要性之外，注视偶联对视觉假体来说也是一个挑战。虽然大多数人工视觉研究承认其在为植入假体的盲人患者提供准确视觉感知方面的重要性，但目前大多数设备并未对注视位置进行补偿。迄今为止，已通过眼内光感测电路或使用外部摄像头为盲人提供人工感知。虽然前者通常考虑了注视转移，但后者需要使用眼动追踪或类似技术，以便根据注视位置提供感知。受克服人工视觉中注视偶联障碍需求的启发，我们旨在全面概述有关眼睛补偿神经基础的研究，以及其在视觉假体中的相关性。本综述概述了目前已知的空间更新机制，并回顾了当前视觉假体设备为克服注视偶联障碍所做的尝试。我们讨论了当前设备的局限性，并强调需要使用眼动追踪方法，以便将注视偶联信息引入视觉假体。
