Elshahawy Ibrahim E, Morsy Ahmed A, Abd-El-Kareem Farid, Saied Nehal M
Plant Pathology Department, Agricultural and Biological Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
Heliyon. 2019 Jan 30;5(1):e01168. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01168. eCollection 2019 Jan.
The effect of soil-applied crop products on the viability and the incidence of white rot in subsequent onion and garlic crops were evaluated in this work. The tested products were onion powder, garlic powder, onion oil, garlic oil and waste (onion and garlic) that are described as sclerotial germination stimulants. Under conditions, data revealed that more than 80% of the sclerotia died in the soil treated with sclerotial germination stimulants. Under greenhouse conditions, soil-artificially infested with sclerotia of and treated with sclerotial germination stimulants for 6-months before cultivation, significantly reduced the incidence of white rot on onion and garlic. Onion oil, garlic oil and waste were the most effective treatments, decreasing disease incidence by 78.6% in onion and 80.0% in garlic. Under field conditions, sclerotial germination stimulants were incorporated into the soil in commercial fields naturally infested with . Two fields were chosen based on differential sclerotial density. Within 6 months after treatment, more than 70% of the sclerotia died in the plots treated with sclerotial germination stimulants. In subsequent onion and garlic crops planted approximately one year after soil treatment, sclerotial germination stimulants were more effective than the control in reducing white rot symptoms coupled with low inoculum density (45.9 sclerotia/kg of soil). Reduction of white rot disease was accompanied by increased of growth and bulbs yield of onion and garlic plants. Despite the efficacy of sclerotial germination stimulants to reduce populations of viable sclerotia in soil with a high inoculum density (594.7 sclerotia/kg of soil), the pathogen caused substantial white rot and yield losses in subsequent onion and garlic crops planted approximately one year after soil treatment.
在本研究中，评估了土壤施用作物产品对后续洋葱和大蒜作物中白腐病的活力及发病率的影响。所测试的产品为洋葱粉、大蒜粉、洋葱油、大蒜油以及被描述为菌核萌发刺激剂的废弃物（洋葱和大蒜）。在这些条件下，数据显示，超过80%的菌核在经菌核萌发刺激剂处理的土壤中死亡。在温室条件下，在种植前6个月用菌核人工侵染土壤并使用菌核萌发刺激剂进行处理，显著降低了洋葱和大蒜上白腐病的发病率。洋葱油、大蒜油和废弃物是最有效的处理方式，使洋葱的发病率降低了78.6%，大蒜的发病率降低了80.0%。在田间条件下，将菌核萌发刺激剂施用到自然侵染了[病原菌名称未给出]的商业田地土壤中。根据不同的菌核密度选择了两块田地。处理后6个月内，在经菌核萌发刺激剂处理的地块中，超过70%的菌核死亡。在土壤处理后约一年种植的后续洋葱和大蒜作物中，菌核萌发刺激剂在接种密度较低（45.9个菌核/千克土壤）的情况下，比对照更有效地减轻了白腐病症状。白腐病的减少伴随着洋葱和大蒜植株生长及鳞茎产量的增加。尽管菌核萌发刺激剂在接种密度高（594.7个菌核/千克土壤）的土壤中能有效减少存活菌核数量，但在土壤处理后约一年种植的后续洋葱和大蒜作物中，该病原菌仍导致了严重的白腐病及产量损失。
