Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Rio Paranaíba, CEP 38810-000, Rio Paranaíba, MG, Brazil.
Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Univeritário, CEP 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
Dalton Trans. 2024 May 7;53(18):7880-7889. doi: 10.1039/d4dt00301b.
Organic-inorganic hybrid materials have a range of applications due to their unique properties. Their application in agriculture brings alternatives for the controlled release of nutrients in the soil, the seed coating, the transport of herbicides, and the treatment of plant diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the use of fungicides incorporated into hybrid membranes formed by synthetic hectorite (LAPONITE®) and polymers in the pre-treatment of garlic bulbils exposed to the pathogen , which causes white rot. The coatings were selected by a germination test, based on the bulbil sprouting index, and by a mycelial growth inhibition test, based on the percentage of mycelial growth inhibition. The chosen membranes were used to coat the bulbils for bioassays conducted in a biochemical oxygen demand incubator at 17 °C. The coated bulbils were planted in soil samples containing three different densities of : 0.1 g, 1.0 g, and 10 g of sclerotium per L of soil. Membranes containing 2% carboxymethyl cellulose and 2% LAPONITE® incorporated with (i) the fungicide tebuconazole (36 mg L) and (ii) the combination of the actives tebuconazole (36 mg L) and triadimenol (62 mg L) showed the total rate of sprouting and null indices of incidence of symptoms and mortality in its repetitions. The hybrid membranes were characterized employing several techniques, including X-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry coupled to mass spectrometry, and optical microscopy. Characterization data confirmed the presence of fungicides incorporated into the membranes. Some concentrations of fungicides were low enough not to be detected in all analyses performed, although they guaranteed a protective character to the bulbils about the fungus present in the soil, with a possibility of antifungal pre-treatment with a potential reduction in the concentration used.
有机-无机杂化材料由于其独特的性质而具有广泛的应用。它们在农业中的应用为控制土壤中养分的释放、种子包衣、除草剂的运输和植物病害的治疗提供了替代方案。本研究旨在研究将杀菌剂掺入由合成锂皂石（LAPONITE®）和聚合物形成的杂化膜中，用于预处理暴露于病原菌的大蒜鳞茎的用途，该病原菌可导致白腐病。根据鳞茎发芽指数进行发芽试验和根据菌丝生长抑制率选择抑菌率，选择涂层。选择的膜用于在 17°C 的生化需氧量培养箱中进行的生物测定中对鳞茎进行包被。将包被的鳞茎种植在含有三种不同密度的土壤样品中：每升土壤 0.1 g、1.0 g 和 10 g 菌核。含有 2%羧甲基纤维素和 2%LAPONITE®的膜，分别掺入(i) 杀菌剂戊唑醇（36mg/L）和 (ii) 戊唑醇（36mg/L）和三硅氧烷（62mg/L）的混合物，显示出总发芽率和重复出现的症状发生率和死亡率的零指数。杂化膜采用多种技术进行表征，包括 X 射线衍射、红外和拉曼光谱、热重分析和差示扫描量热法与质谱联用以及光学显微镜。表征数据证实了掺入膜中的杀菌剂的存在。尽管某些杀菌剂浓度低到在进行的所有分析中都无法检测到，但它们足以保证鳞茎免受土壤中存在的真菌的侵害，具有潜在的抗真菌预处理作用，可能减少使用浓度。
